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Food Intake and Body Weight Responses to Intermittent vs. Continuous Gastric Electrical Stimulation in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Obesity Surgery volume 23, pages 71–79 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has recently been introduced as a potential therapy for the treatment of obesity. The main challenge for the new generation of devices is to achieve desired clinical outcomes at a suitably low level of energy consumption. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of GES with continuous and intermittent duty cycles in reducing food intake and body weight in diet-induced obesity-prone rats.

Methods

In macro duty cycle experiment, 40 rats were divided into groups to receive a sham GES, continuous GES, or intermittent GES (15 min On–45 min Off or 15 min On–15 min Off) for 28 days. In micro duty cycle experiment, 18 rats received cross-over treatment of continuous stimulation, 60 % time cycle or 40 % time cycle. Food intake, body weight, gastric emptying and ghrelin level were measured to evaluate the effect of different GES.

Results

GES with macro duty cycle intensity-dependently reduced mean daily food intake increase by 18.6, 10.2 and -6.0 % compared to 42.7 % with sham GES and body weight gain by 6.1 %, 3.4 and -0.8 % compared to 5 % with sham GES. Daily food intake decreased with increasing micro duty cycle intensity, averaging 16.5, 15.6 and 13.7 g/day under 40 % cycle, 60 % cycle and continuous stimulation respectively. Gastric emptying was intensity-dependently delayed by GES. GES has no effect in modulating plasma ghrelin level.

Conclusions

GES energy-dependently reduces food intake, body weight and gastric emptying. Peripheral modulation of plasma ghrelin level is not related to the GES effects.

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Disclosures

This study was funded by Medtronic to J Chen. Medtronic employees (R. Maude-Griffin, and W. Starkebaum) participated in the study design, analysis, and manuscript preparation.

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA

    Shiying Li, Yan Sun & Jiande D. Z. Chen

  2. Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Roland Maude-Griffin & Warren Starkebaum

  3. Division of Gastroenterology, GI Research, Route 0655, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0655, USA

    Jiande D. Z. Chen

Authors
  1. Shiying Li
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  2. Roland Maude-Griffin
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  3. Yan Sun
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  5. Jiande D. Z. Chen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jiande D. Z. Chen.

Additional information

Shiying Li and Roland Maude-Griffin contributed equally to this paper.

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Li, S., Maude-Griffin, R., Sun, Y. et al. Food Intake and Body Weight Responses to Intermittent vs. Continuous Gastric Electrical Stimulation in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. OBES SURG 23, 71–79 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-012-0773-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-012-0773-2

Keywords

  • Gastric electrical stimulation
  • Diet-induced obesity
  • Gastric emptying