Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Serum Magnesium Status After Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obesity

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Obesity Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) has become a common surgical procedure to treat morbid obesity. Furthermore, it strongly reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes and mortality. However, there is scant information on how magnesium status is affected by RYGBP surgery. Previous bariatric surgery methods, like jejunoileal bypass, are associated with hypomagnesemia.

Methods

Twenty-one non-diabetic morbidly obese patients who underwent RYGBP were evaluated before and 1 year after surgery and compared to a matched morbidly obese control group regarding serum magnesium. Groups were matched regarding weight, BMI, abdominal sagittal diameter and fasting glucose, blood pressure, and serum magnesium concentrations before surgery in the RYGBP group.

Results

The serum magnesium concentrations increased by 6% from 0.80 to 0.85 mmol/l (p = 0.019) in the RYGBP group while a decrease by 4% (p = 0.132) was observed in the control group. The increase in magnesium concentration at the 1-year follow-up in the RYGBP group was accompanied by a decreased abdominal sagittal diameter (r 2 = 0.32, p = 0.009), a lowered BMI (r 2 = 0.28, p = 0.0214), a lowered glucose concentration (r 2 = 0.28, p = 0.027) but not by a lowered insulin concentration (p = 0.242), a lowered systolic (p = 0.789) or a lowered diastolic (p = 0.785) blood pressure.

Conclusion

RYGBP surgery in morbidly obese subjects is characterized by reduced visceral adiposity, lowered plasma glucose, and increased circulating magnesium concentrations. The inverse association between lowered central obesity, lowered plasma glucose and increased magnesium concentrations, needs further detailed studies to identify underlying mechanisms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price includes VAT (France)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight: fact sheet no 3011. Geneva; 2006.

  2. Sjostrom L, Lindroos AK, Peltonen M, et al. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2683–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Sjostrom L, Narbro K, Sjostrom CD, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(8):741–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Adams TD, Gress RE, Smith SC, et al. Long-term mortality after gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(8):753–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sharma A, Dabla S, Aqrawal RP, et al. Serum magnesium: an early predictor of course and complications of diabetes mellitus. J Indian Med Assoc. 2007;105(1):16, 18, 20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Guerrero-Romero F, Rodriguez-Moran M. Low serum magnesium levels and metabolic syndrome. Acta Diabetol. 2002;39:209–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Haglin L, Tornkvist B, Backman L. Prediction of all-cause mortality in a patient population with hypertension and type 2 DM by using traditional risk factors and serum-phosphate, -calcium and -magnesium. Acta Diabetol. 2007;44(3):138–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Jorgensen S, Olesen M, Gudman-Hoyer E. A review of 20 years of jejunoileal bypass. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997;32(4):334–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bloomberg RD, Fleisman A, Nalle JE, et al. Nutritional deficiencies following bariatric surgery: what have we learned? Review article. Obes Surg. 2005;15:145–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Correa FH, Nogueira VG, Bevilacqua, et al. Insulin resistance and secretion assessment across a range of glucose tolerance from normal individuals through diabetes. Arg Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007;51(9):1498–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sundbom M, Gustavsson S. Bariatric surgery. Clin Dermatol. 2004;22:325–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Van Gaal L, Delvigne C, Vandewoude M, et al. Evaluation of magnesium before and after jejuno-ileal versus gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. J Am Coll Nutr. 1987;5:397–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Diniz Mde F, Diniz MT, Sanches SR, et al. Elevated serum parathormone after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2004;14(9):1222–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Goode LR, Brolin RE, Chowdhury HA, et al. Bone and gastric bypass surgery: effects of dietary calcium and vitamin D. Obesity Res. 2004;12(1):40–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Yajnik CS, Smith RF, Hockaday TD, et al. Fasting plasma magnesium concentrations and glucose disposal in diabetes. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984;288(6423):1032–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Rosolová H, Mayer O Jr, Reaven GM. Insulin-mediated glucose disposal is decreased in normal subjects with relatively low plasma magnesium concentrations. Metabolism. 2000;49(3):418–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lima Mde L, Pousada J, Barbosa C, et al. Magnesium deficiency and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arg Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2005;49(6):959–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Huerta MG, Roemmich JN, Kington ML, et al. Magnesium deficiency is associated with insulin resistance in obese children. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(5):1175–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Djurhuus MS, Henriksen JE, Klitgaard NA, et al. Effect of moderate improvement in metabolic control on magnesium and lipid concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(4):546–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Schnack C, Bauer I, Preqant P, et al. Hypomagnesaemia in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is not corrected by improvement of long-term metabolic control. Diabetologia. 1992;35(1):77–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Paolisso G, Sgambato S, Gambardella A, et al. Daily magnesium supplements improve glucose handling in elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55(6):1161–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. de Valk H, Verkaaik R, van Rijn H, et al. Oral magnesium supplementation in insulin-requiring type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 1998;15:1161–7.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Eibl N, Kopp H, Nowak H, et al. Hypomagnesemia in type II diabetes: effect of a 3 month replacement therapy. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:188–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Widman L, Wester PO, Stegmayer BK, et al. The dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure through administration of magnesium. A double blind placebo controlled cross-over study. Am J Hypertens. 1993;6(1):41–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Funding was by research grants from The Family Ernfors Fund for Diabetes Research, the Swedish Diabetes Association, the Erik, Karin and Gösta Selander fund, Uppsala University, and The Thuring family foundation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden

    Hans-Erik Johansson, Björn Zethelius, Margareta Öhrvall & Arvo Haenni

  2. Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

    Magnus Sundbom

Authors
  1. Hans-Erik Johansson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Björn Zethelius
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Margareta Öhrvall
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Magnus Sundbom
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Arvo Haenni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hans-Erik Johansson.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Johansson, HE., Zethelius, B., Öhrvall, M. et al. Serum Magnesium Status After Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obesity. OBES SURG 19, 1250–1255 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-008-9536-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-008-9536-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation