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Optimization of silk fibroin coating during storage using response surface methodology and its effect on the physicochemical properties of Solanum ferox (S. ferox)

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Abstract

Silk fibroin coating was used in this study as an edible coating for Solanum ferox (S. ferox), tropical fruit from Borneo. The effect of different concentration coatings and dip time on fruit quality attributes during storage was evaluated via response surface methodology. The optimal parameters were 2% silk fibroin concentration and 2 min of dip time. The optimized data for silk fibroin-coated fruit, carboxymethylcellulose-coated fruit and uncoated fruit as a control were compared. The weight loss and firmness at day 11 for fruit coated with silk fibroin were 14.9% and 3.07 N, respectively, compared to 13.49% and 3.53 N for fruit coated with carboxymethylcellulose. Uncoated fruit revealed a weight loss was 28.11% and firmness was 4.3 N. On day 11, the fruit coated with silk fibroin had chemical properties of 3.6 and 4 for total soluble solids (TSS) and pH, respectively. The carboxymethylcellulose-coated fruit had a TSS of 4.2 and a pH of 3.3. The uncoated fruit had a TSS of 4.3 and a pH of 5.2. In comparison to uncoated fruits, the ripening process of fruits coated with silk fibroin was slowed. Silk fibroin is suggested to be an effective edible coating for preserving fruit quality and extending its shelf life.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the support and technical facilities from the Department of Agriculture Malaysia, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Department of Process and Food Engineering, Smart Farming Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia.

Funding

This research was funded by the Geran Putra—Inisiatif Putra Muda (GP-IPM) through Universiti Putra Malaysia Grant (Grant No: GP-IPM/2018/9669700).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah & Anies Zulaikha Md Rahim

  2. SMART Farming Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah

  3. Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Bernard Maringgal

  4. Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri

  5. Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia

    Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri

  6. Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri

  7. Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box TL1350, Tamale, Ghana

    Salis Ibrahim

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Contributions

Conceptualization, Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah; Anies Zulaikha Md Rahim and Bernard Maringgal; Formal analysis, Anies Zulaikha Md Rahim; Investigation, Anies Zulaikha Md Rahim; Methodology, Anies Zulaikha Md Rahim and Bernard Maringgal; Supervision, Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah; Bernard Maringgal and Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri; Validation, Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah; Bernard Maringgal; Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri and Salis Ibrahim; Writing—original draft, Anies Zulaikha Md Rahim and Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah; Writing—review and editing, Bernard Maringgal; Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri and Salis Ibrahim. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah.

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Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah declares that he has no conflict of interest. Anies Zulaikha Md Rahim declares that she has no conflict of interest. Bernard Maringgal declares that he has no conflict of interest. Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri declares that he has no conflict of interest. Salis Ibrahim declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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Hamzah, M.H., Rahim, A.Z.M., Maringgal, B. et al. Optimization of silk fibroin coating during storage using response surface methodology and its effect on the physicochemical properties of Solanum ferox (S. ferox). Food Measure 16, 3385–3401 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-022-01448-5

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