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Phenolics profiling and biological activities of different solvent extracts from aerial parts of wild thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)

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Abstract

The current research work appraises the variation in antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of thyme extracts in relation to different extraction solvents along with phenolics profiling using Reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). Maximum extract yield (21.60%) was obtained with 80% ethanol, while minimum (15.42%) for 100% ethanol. Maximum total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), reducing power, and DPPH radical scavenging activities were exhibited by 80% methanolic extract with contribution 123.60 ± 1.51 mg/100 g, 38.11 ± 0.11 mg/100 g, 0.69 ± 0.36, and 72.35 ± 0.14%, respectively. The tested thyme extracts exhibited considerable antibacterial activities as well. Maximum zone of growth inhibition was observed against Escherichia coli (22.51 ± 1.33 mm) by 100% ethanolic extract. Minimum hemolytic activity (4.59 ± 0.02) was observed in 80% ethanolic extract; whereas blood clot lysis (thrombolytic activity) was offered by 100% methanolic extract (15.42 ± 0.1%). Individual phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed by using RP-HPLC which showed that thyme extracts mainly contained benzoic acid (12.91–12.92 µg/g) whereas gallic acid was present in least amount (6.98–7.09 µg/g). The major flavonoid component was myricetin (35.33–181.26 µg/g) followed by kaempferol (9.14–15.20 µg/g). Overall, a considerable variation in the biological activities and phenolics composition of aerial parts of wild thyme were noted as a function of extraction solvents. Based on the properties evaluated in this work, the tested thyme plants may be used as an ingredient in nutra-pharmaceutical products.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan

    Mahrye, Farooq Anwar, Rahman Qadir & Muhammad Riaz

  2. Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    Tahir Mehmood

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  1. Mahrye
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  2. Farooq Anwar
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  3. Tahir Mehmood
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  4. Rahman Qadir
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  5. Muhammad Riaz
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Mahrye, Anwar, F., Mehmood, T. et al. Phenolics profiling and biological activities of different solvent extracts from aerial parts of wild thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Food Measure 16, 610–618 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-01185-1

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