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The Role of Vicariance and Paleoclimatic Shifts in the Diversification of Uranoscodon superciliosus (Squamata, Tropiduridae) of the Amazonian Floodplains

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Abstract

Wetlands are present in different parts of the globe, holding a significant portion of the local biodiversity, and have been under the constant influence of climatic changes worldwide on different time scales. Investigations with a phylogeographic approach have revealed the role of Quaternary climatic shifts on a global scale, favoring constant changes in the amplitude of floodplains and affecting the evolutionary history of multi-taxa. This pattern was observed in the Amazonian biota, but due to the complex geological history, some of these models alone are insufficient, especially in widespread species that live in specific regions of the biome. Herein, we investigated the species delimitation and biogeographic history of the semi-aquatic lizard Uranoscodon superciliosus (U. superciliosus), widely distributed in Amazonian floodplains, a habitat that was for a long time considered a corridor to gene flow. Our results support a high genetic diversity with five well-supported lineages within U. superciliosus: North of the Amazon River, East Xingu, Solimões, Purus, and Tapajós-Madeira, with the basal split within this group in the Miocene and others in the Plio-Pleistocene. These results corroborated a mixture of distinct processes that shaped the diversity of U. superciliosus with rivers as vicariant barriers and the already known role of paleoclimatic shifts during the Quaternary promoting diversification. Among tetrapods, our work is one of the first to describe the genetic structure in a widespread taxon along river-edge environments, thus supporting both patterns of diversification with the compartmentalized lineages along different Amazonian rivers (floodplains) and also the more common pattern found in upland forest species, with main rivers acting as vicariant barriers and playing a role in allopatric speciation.

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Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. Further data are available from the authors upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. João C. L. Costa who generously provided tissue samples from the state of Maranhão. Dr. Roberta Graboski, Dr. Romina S. S. Batista, Msc. Carlynne C. Simões for the help in laboratory procedures, software analysis, and graphical support. Dr. Camila C. Ribas and Dr. Leilton W. R. Luna for helpful feedback and suggestions to improve the manuscript. This work was developed at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) with resources from Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEp) for the project “Analytical Park of the MPEG: analysis of the transformations of the Amazon and its effects on sociobiodiversity and the landscape” (#0118003100), coordinated by ALCP. MVS was supported by a MSc. fellowship from Coordenação de Apoio à Formação de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, process 88882.459754/2019-01) in the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução (PPGBE/MPEG). ALCP was supported by grants from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq; processes 302611/2018-5, PROTAXA 441462/2020-0). MJS and part of this study were supported by CNPq (process # 434362/2018-2).

Funding

This work received support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Grant No. 88882.459754/2019-01, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, #0118003100, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Grant No. 302611/2018-5,434362/2018-2

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Herpetologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, PB 399, Belém, Pará, CEP 66077-830, Brazil

    Manuela V. dos Santos & Ana L. C. Prudente

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, PB 399, Belém, Pará, CEP 66077-830, Brazil

    Manuela V. dos Santos

  3. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11.461, São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05422-970, Brazil

    Miguel T. Rodrigues

  4. Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Av. Professor Artur Riedel, 275, Jardim Eldorado, Diadema, São Paulo, CEP 09972-270, Brazil

    Marcelo J. Sturaro

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. MVS and MJS performed the material preparation, data collection, and formal analysis. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MVS and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. ALCP, MTR and MJS contributed to the writing, review, and editing of the final version. Resources were provided by ALCP, MTR and MJS. Funding acquisition and supervision were undertaken by ALCP and MJS. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ana L. C. Prudente.

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The original online version of this article was revised: The wrong Electronic Supplementary file 1 was originally published with this article; it has now been replaced with the correct file and some changes in the Data Availability.

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dos Santos, M.V., Prudente, A.L.C., Rodrigues, M.T. et al. The Role of Vicariance and Paleoclimatic Shifts in the Diversification of Uranoscodon superciliosus (Squamata, Tropiduridae) of the Amazonian Floodplains. Evol Biol 49, 449–463 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-022-09583-z

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