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Genetic Diversification of Adelphobates quinquevittatus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) and the Influence of Upper Madeira River Historical Dynamics

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Abstract

The effect of large Amazonian rivers as barriers to distribution of species and gene flow has been the subject of debate for more than a century. The Madeira River is the largest tributary of the Amazon River, with the region comprising its basin undergoing complex changes from the Pliocene through the Holocene. Accordingly, the evolution of its drainage seems to have been an important factor in the biological diversification of different taxa. We characterize the phylogeographic pattern of Adelphobates quinquevittatus, focusing on the role of the Madeira River and the environmental changes in the region, as potential barriers to gene flow. For this, we used sequences of two mitochondrial genes from 65 individuals sampled in 15 locations. We identify population structure partially related to the current Madeira River configuration. However the most upstream session does not represent a historical barrier, suggesting that may have attained its current geomorphological configuration recently. Divergence among clades began in the last 1 million years, coinciding with documented changes in this landscape, and may be related to river dynamics associated with the presence of open vegetation areas. This phylogeographic pattern supports the dynamism of the drainage, and the historical complexity of the upper Madeira River.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the team of the amphibian study group (Marison P. Pinto, Ivo S. Quintino, Edivaldo F. Vasconcelos, Maria C. Araújo and Jussara Dayrell), led by APL, for field sampling; to the technical team of the Thematic Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LTBM—INPA) for assisting LAM during the sequencing of samples; and to the National Institute of Amazon Researches (INPA) for the infrastructure provided, through LTBM. LAM is very grateful to Eduardo Gentil Ginani Gurgel for all the essential assistance during the analysis, discussion, writing and revision of the manuscript. LAM is also grateful to Adrian Barnett for the comments and review during the translation of the manuscript, and to Mateus Ferreira for clarification on some of the analyzes. This work was funded by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) through the scholarship provides to LAM, and through its Support Program for Excellency Centres (CAPES/PROEX Grant nº: 0616/2018), whose resource was used in the translation of this manuscript. Funding for genetic analysis has been provided by grants from the Dimensions US-Biota-São Paulo: Assembly and evolution of the Amazon biota and its environment: an integrated approach, co-funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF DEB 1241066), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Grant #2012/50260-6) to CCR. Funding for collection of the animals was provided by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq Universal Grant nº 401120/2016-3) to APL.

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  1. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Av. Efigênio Sales, 2239, Caixa Postal 478, Manaus, AM, CEP: 69011-970, Brazil

    Larissa A. de Medeiros & Albertina P. Lima

  2. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, AM, CEP 69067-375, Brazil

    Camila C. Ribas

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  1. Larissa A. de Medeiros
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For this research, all samples were collected following Brazilian regulations, under license number 13.777 (A.P.L.) issued by Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade—ICMBio.

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de Medeiros, L.A., Ribas, C.C. & Lima, A.P. Genetic Diversification of Adelphobates quinquevittatus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) and the Influence of Upper Madeira River Historical Dynamics. Evol Biol 48, 269–285 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-021-09536-y

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