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Obésité et maladie du foie gras non alcoolique

Obesity and non a alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Obésité

An Erratum / Erratum to this article was published on 24 February 2014

Résumé

Les complications hépatiques de l’obésité (Non alcoholic fatty liver diseases, NAFLD) sont la première cause de maladie hépatique en France. Les NAFLD vont de la stéatose à la stéatohépatite (Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis, NASH), la fibrose, la cirrhose et parfois le carcinome hépatocellulaire. Les NAFLD sont fréquemment associées à l’obésité viscérale, l’insulino-résistance et le syndrome métabolique. Cependant, les mécanismes physiopathologiques responsables de la progression d’une stéatose isolée « bénigne/non évolutive » à une NASH sont mal connus. Des interactions entre le tissu adipeux et le foie, l’intestin et le foie et entre l’intestin et le tissu adipeux sont impliquées dans la genèse des NAFLD. Cette revue développera des données récemment identifiées pour le diagnostic et la compréhension du développement des NAFLD au cours de l’obésité et, plus particulièrement, les marqueurs non invasifs de NASH, les mécanismes intrahépatiques (régulation de l’inflammation hépatique, dépôts de fer intra-hépatiques, mort hépatocytaire) et les facteurs extra-hépatiques impliqués (tissu adipeux et intestin).

Abstract

Abstract The hepatic complications of obesity (Non Alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) are the first cause of liver diseases in France. NAFLD range from steatosis to steatohepatitis (Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis, NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and finally hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD are frequently associated with visceral obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the progression from a “safety” state to NASH are still unclear. Cross talks between adipose tissue and liver, gut and liver and between gut and adipose tissue have been involved in the NAFLD appearance. This review will provide insight into the current diagnosis and understanding of development of NAFLD including noninvasive markers of NASH, intra-hepatic mechanisms (regulation of the hepatic inflammation, hepatocellular iron deposition, hepatocyte death) and extra-hepatic factors (from adipose tissue and gut) in obese patients.

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Abbreviations

NASH:

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

NAFLD:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

ALAT:

Alanine amino-transférase

ASAT:

Aspartate-amino-transférase

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

IL:

Interleukine

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM, U1065, Équipe 8 « Complications hépatiques de l’obésité », 151, route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06204, Nice cedex 3, France

    R. Anty, S. Patouraux, A. Tran & P. Gual

  2. Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France

    R. Anty, S. Patouraux, A. Tran & P. Gual

  3. Département Digestif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital de l’Archet, Nice, France

    R. Anty & A. Tran

  4. Pôle Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France

    S. Patouraux

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  1. R. Anty
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  2. S. Patouraux
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  3. A. Tran
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  4. P. Gual
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Correspondence to P. Gual.

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Anty, R., Patouraux, S., Tran, A. et al. Obésité et maladie du foie gras non alcoolique. Obes 9, 271–279 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11690-014-0414-4

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