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L’adiponectine : une adipokine aux multiples visages

Adiponectin: an adipokine with multiple faces

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Obésité

Résumé

Le tissu adipeux a longtemps été considéré comme un simple organe de réserve énergétique. Il est désormais parfaitement établi qu’il est aussi capable de produire de nombreuses molécules appelées adipokines, parmi lesquelles l’adiponectine occupe une place privilégiée. Cette hormone est synthétisée et sécrétée de façon très abondante par l’adipocyte. Elle possède des propriétés originales insulino-sensibilisatrices, anti-inflammatoires et anti-mitogènes. Cependant, elle ne semble pas toujours associée à un état clinique favorable, ce qui est illustré dans les pathologies rénales où des niveaux plasmatiques élevés de l’hormone ont une valeur prédictive péjorative. Ceci est aussi le cas dans les formes sévères de résistance à l’insuline par dysfonctionnement du récepteur de l’insuline, où les patients présentent des concentrations circulantes élevées d’adiponectine alors que les formes communes d’insulinorésistance sont associées à une adiponectinémie basse. Des investigations poussées demeurent nécessaires afin de préciser la pertinence physiologique et thérapeutique de l’adiponectine.

Abstract

Adipose tissue has been considered for a long time as an “organ” of energy storage. It is now well recognized that it is also capable to synthesize and secrete a large panel of factors called adipokines, including adiponectin. Adiponectin is heavily released by the adipocyte, and exerts insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-mitogenic properties. However, adiponectin is not always associated with a favourable clinical condition, as illustrated in kidney diseases where high plasma hormone levels predict fatal issue. This is also highlighted in severe forms of insulin resistance due to insulin receptor dysfunction where patients exhibit elevated adiponectinemia, in apparent contrast with individuals displaying common forms of insulin resistance with low adiponectin plasma levels. Further investigations are still needed to decipher the clinical and therapeutic relevance of adiponectin in humans.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut des maladies cardiométaboliques et de la nutrition (IHU ICAN) et Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75970, Paris Cedex, France

    J. P. Bastard

  2. CDR Saint-Antoine INSERM UMRS 938, Faculté de Médecine et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, site Saint-Antoine, 27, rue Chaligny, Paris, 75012, France

    J. P. Bastard, C. Vatier & B. Fève

  3. Service d’Endocrinologie-Métabolisme, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184, rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France

    B. Fève

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  1. J. P. Bastard
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Correspondence to J. P. Bastard.

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Bastard, J.P., Vatier, C. & Fève, B. L’adiponectine : une adipokine aux multiples visages. Obes 7, 250–258 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11690-012-0349-2

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