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Origine développementale des adipocytes

Developmental origin of adipocytes

  • Article Scientifique / Scientific Article
  • Published:
Obésité

Résumé

La prévalence accrue de l’obésité et du surpoids dans les pays industrialisés avec les décennies a engendré un regain d’intérêt pour l’étude de la formation des tissus adipeux. Des progrès substantiels ont été réalisés concernant l’élucidation des réseaux transcriptionnels contrôlant la différenciation terminale des préadipocytes en adipocytes matures. À l’inverse, les étapes précoces, conduisant à l’engagement des cellules souches mésenchymateuses (MSCs) vers le lignage adipocytaire, restent largement inconnues; cela est dû, en partie, à l’absence de marqueurs moléculaires permettant d’identifier les différents intermédiaires cellulaires impliqués dans l’adipogenèse. De même, l’étude de l’origine développementale des adipocytes au cours de l’embryogenèse a reçu très peu d’attention jusqu’à maintenant. Cette revue synthétise les résultats surprenants qui ont récemment émergé d’études de suivi de lignages in vivo, révélant des origines développementales inattendues pour les adipocytes blancs et bruns. Elle résume aussi les travaux récents ayant conduit à l’identification de populations discrètes de cellules immatures à l’origine des adipocytes blancs chez la souris.

Abstract

The current epidemic of obesity and overweight has caused a surge of interest in the study of adipose tissue formation. Much progress has been made in defining the transcriptional networks controlling the terminal differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. However, the early steps that direct mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) down the adipocyte lineage remain largely unknown. Similarly, the study of the developmental origin of adipocytes during embryogenesis has been largely disregarded until now. This review summarizes the surprising findings that have recently emerged from in-vivo lineage tracing studies, unravelling unsuspected developmental origins for both white and brown adipocytes. It also illustrates recent work that has led to the identification of discrete immature cell populations from which white adipocytes are derived in mice.

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  1. Faculté de médecine Pasteur, CNRS UMR 6543, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Institut biologie du développement et cancer (IBDC), parc Valrose, F-06108, Nice cedex 02, France

    N. Billon & C. Dani

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  1. N. Billon
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  2. C. Dani
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Correspondence to N. Billon.

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Billon, N., Dani, C. Origine développementale des adipocytes. Obes 4, 189–196 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11690-009-0216-y

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