Abstract
As a developmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has drawn much attention due to its severe impacts on one’s language capacity. Broca’s area, an important brain region of the language network, is largely involved in language-related functions. Using the Autism Brain Image Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset, a mega-analysis was performed involving a total of 1454 participants (including 618 individuals with ASD and 836 healthy controls (HCs). To detect the neural pathophysiological mechanism of ASD from the perspective of language, we conducted a functional connectivity (FC) analysis with Broca’s area as the seed in multiple frequency bands (conventional: 0.01–0.08 Hz; slow-4: 0.027–0.073 Hz; slow-5: 0.01–0.027 Hz). We found that compared with HC, ASD patients demonstrated increased FC in the left thalamus, left precuneus, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and left medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus in the conventional frequency band (0.01–0.08 Hz). The results of the slow-5 frequency band (0.01–0.027 Hz) presented increased FC values of the left precuneus, left medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus, right medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus and right thalamus. No significant cluster was detected in the slow-4 frequency band (0.027–0.073 Hz). In conclusion, the abnormal functional connectivity in patients with ASD has frequency-specific properties. Furthermore, the slow-5 frequency band (0.01–0.027 Hz) mainly contributed to the findings of the conventional frequency band (0.01–0.08 Hz). The current study might shed new light on the neural pathophysiological mechanism of language impairments in people with ASD.
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Data availability
The data used in this study were derived from the ABIDE (http://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/abide/) public database.
Code availability
All data were processed with the legal edition of RESTplus V1.24. All codes generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge that this research has been proofread by a professional scientific editor, Prof. Lulu Cheng (the first author).
Funding
This research was supported by Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Research Youth Fund Project of the People’s Republic of China ‘Assessment and intervention of children with autism in Chinese’ (grant number 20YJC740008), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities ‘The cognitive research of autistic children with language disorders’ (grant number 22CX04014B), the 71st Batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation ‘A Study on metaphor and metonymy acquisition of Chinese autistic children’ (grant number 2022M712151), National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 82001898), Open Research Fund of College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University (grant number jykf22011) and the Youth Science and Technology Plan of Soochow Science and Technology Bureau and Soochow Health Planning Commission (grant number KJXW2020065).
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Conception and study design (Lulu Cheng, Xize Jia and Linlin Zhan), data collection or acquisition (Yanyan Gao, Lina Huang and Hongqiang Zhang), statistical analysis (Jiawei Sun, Guofeng Huang and Yadan Wang); interpretation of results (Mengting Li and Huayun Li), drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content (Linlin Zhan, Xize Jia and Lulu Cheng), and approval of the final version to be published and agreement to be accountable for the integrity and accuracy of all aspects of the work (all authors).
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All procedures conducted in research involving human subjects were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Detailed information can be obtained at http://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/abide/.
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Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the Autism Brain Image Data Exchange (ABIDE, a public multicenter datasets) on which this research is based. Detailed information can be obtained at http://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/abide/.
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Table S1: The detailed inclusion criteria of thecurrent study; Table S2: The detailed information of the included participants
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Cheng, L., Zhan, L., Huang, L. et al. The atypical functional connectivity of Broca’s area at multiple frequency bands in autism spectrum disorder. Brain Imaging and Behavior 16, 2627–2636 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-022-00718-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-022-00718-6