Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) has modulatory effects in both human behavior and in the brain, which is not limited in the specific brain area but also with the potential effect on connectivity with other brain regions. Evidence indicates that OT effects on human behavior are multifaceted, such as trust behavior, decrease anxiety, empathy and bonding behavior. For the vital role of mentalizing in understanding others, here we examine whether OT has a general effect on mentalizing brain network which is associated to the effect of related social behavioral and personality traits. Using a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled group design, we investigate the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging after intranasal OT or placebo. The functional connectivity (FC) maps with seed in left/right temporoparietal junction (lTPJ/rTPJ) showed that OT significantly increased connectivity between rTPJ and default attention network (DAN), but decreased the FC between lTPJ and medial prefrontal network (MPN). With machine learning approach, we report that identified altered FCs of TPJ can classify OT and placebo (PL) group. Moreover, individual’s empathy trait can modulate the FC between left TPJ and right rectus (RECT), which shows a positive correlation with empathic concern in PL group but a negative correlation in OT group. These results demonstrate that OT has significant effect on FC with lTPJ and rTPJ, brain regions where are critical for mentalizing, and the empathy concern can modulate the FC. These findings advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms by which OT modulates social behaviors, especially in social interaction involving mentalizing.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alcala-Lopez, D., Smallwood, J., Jefferies, E., Van Overwalle, F., Vogeley, K., Mars, R. B., et al. (2017). Computing the social brain connectome across systems and states. Cerebral Cortex, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx121.
Anagnostou, E., Soorya, L., Chaplin, W., Bartz, J., Halpern, D., Wasserman, S., et al. (2012). Intranasal oxytocin versus placebo in the treatment of adults with autism spectrum disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Molecular Autism, 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-3-16.
Beckmann, C. F., Mackay, C. E., Filippini, N., & Smith, S. M. (2009). Group comparison of resting-state FMRI data using multi-subject ICA and dual regression. Neuroimage, 47(Suppl 1), S148.
Benedetti, F., Bernasconi, A., Bosia, M., Cavallaro, R., Dallaspezia, S., Falini, A., et al. (2009). Functional and structural brain correlates of theory of mind and empathy deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 114(1–3), 154–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.06.021.
Bethlehem, R. A. I., van Honk, J., Auyeung, B., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2013). Oxytocin, brain physiology, and functional connectivity: A review of intranasal oxytocin fMRI studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(7), 962–974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.10.011.
Carter, R. M., & Huettel, S. A. (2013). A nexus model of the temporal-parietal junction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(7), 328–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.05.007.
Cheon, B. K., Im, D. M., Harada, T., Kim, J. S., Mathur, V. A., Scimeca, J. M., et al. (2011). Cultural influences on neural basis of intergroup empathy. Neuroimage, 57(2), 642–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.031.
Churchland, P. S., & Winkielman, P. (2012). Modulating social behavior with oxytocin: How does it work? What does it mean? Hormones and Behavior, 61(3), 392–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.12.003.
Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G. L. (2002). Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 3(3), 201–215. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn755.
Corbetta, M., Kincade, J. M., Ollinger, J. M., McAvoy, M. P., & Shulman, G. L. (2000). Voluntary orienting is dissociated from target detection in human posterior parietal cortex (vol 3, pg 292, 2000). Nature Neuroscience, 3(5), 521–521. https://doi.org/10.1038/74905.
Damoiseaux, J. S., Rombouts, S. A., Barkhof, F., et al. (2006). Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects.[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(37), 13848–13853.
Davis, M. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.
Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual-differences in empathy - evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113.
Decety, J., Michalska, K. J., & Akitsuki, Y. (2008). Who caused the pain? An fMRI investigation of empathy and intentionality in children. Neuropsychologia, 46(11), 2607–2614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.05.026.
Derntl, B., Kryspin-Exner, I., Fernbach, E., Moser, E., & Habel, U. (2008). Emotion recognition accuracy in healthy young females is associated with cycle phase. Hormones and Behavior, 53(1), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.09.006.
Dodhia, S., Hosanagar, A., Fitzgerald, D. A., Labuschagne, I., Wood, A. G., Nathan, P. J., & Phan, K. L. (2014). Modulation of resting-state amygdala-frontal functional connectivity by oxytocin in generalized social anxiety disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 39(9), 2061–2069. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2014.53.
Domes, G., Heinrichs, M., Glascher, J., Buchel, C., Braus, D. F., & Herpertz, S. C. (2007a). Oxytocin attenuates amygdala responses to emotional faces regardless of valence. Biological Psychiatry, 62(10), 1187–1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.03.025.
Domes, G., Heinrichs, M., Michel, A., Berger, C., & Herpertz, S. C. (2007b). Oxytocin improves "mind-reading" in humans. Biological Psychiatry, 61(6), 731–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.015.
Dosenbach, N. U. F., Nardos, B., Cohen, A. L., Fair, D. A., Power, J. D., Church, J. A., et al. (2010). Prediction of individual brain maturity using fMRI. Science, 329(5997), 1358–1361. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1194144.
Eckstein, M., Markett, S., Kendrick, K. M., Ditzen, B., Liu, F., Hurlemann, R., & Becker, B. (2017). Oxytocin differentially alters resting state functional connectivity between amygdala subregions and emotional control networks: Inverse correlation with depressive traits. Neuroimage, 149, 458–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.078.
Emonds, G., Declerck, C. H., Boone, C., Seurinck, R., & Achten, R. (2014). Establishing cooperation in a mixed-motive social dilemma. An fMRI study investigating the role of social value orientation and dispositional trust. Social Neuroscience, 9(1), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2013.858080.
Fox, M. D., Corbetta, M., Snyder, A. Z., Vincent, J. L., & Raichle, M. E. (2006). Spontaneous neuronal activity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems (vol 103, pg 10046, 2006). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(36), 13560–13560. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0606682103.
Fox, M. D., Zhang, D., Snyder, A. Z., et al. (2009). The global signal and observed Anticorrelated resting state brain networks[J]. Journal of Neurophysiology, 101(6), 3270–3283.
Greene, R. K., Spanos, M., Alderman, C., Walsh, E., Bizzell, J., Mosner, M. G., et al. (2018). The effects of intranasal oxytocin on reward circuitry responses in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 10(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-018-9228-y.
Guapo, V. G., Graeff, F. G., Zani, A. C., Labate, C. M., dos Reis, R. M., & Del-Ben, C. M. (2009). Effects of sex hormonal levels and phases of the menstrual cycle in the processing of emotional faces. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(7), 1087–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.02.007.
Hooker, C. I., Verosky, S. C., Germine, L. T., Knight, R. T., & D'Esposito, M. (2010). Neural activity during social signal perception correlates with self-reported empathy. Brain Research, 1308, 100–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.006.
Hu, J., Qi, S., Becker, B., Luo, L., Gao, S., Gong, Q., et al. (2015). Oxytocin selectively facilitates learning with social feedback and increases activity and functional connectivity in emotional memory and reward processing regions. Human Brain Mapping, 36(6), 2132–2146. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22760.
Hurlemann, R., Patin, A., Onur, O. A., Cohen, M. X., Baumgartner, T., Metzler, S., et al. (2010). Oxytocin enhances amygdala-dependent, socially reinforced learning and emotional empathy in humans. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(14), 4999–5007. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5538-09.2010.
Igelstrom, K. M., & Graziano, M. S. A. (2017). The inferior parietal lobule and temporoparietal junction: A network perspective. Neuropsychologia, 105, 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.001.
Jackson, P. L., Brunet, E., Meltzoff, A. N., & Decety, J. (2006). Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain. Neuropsychologia, 44(5), 752–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.015.
Kassraian-Fard, P., Matthis, C., Balsters, J. H., Maathuis, M. H., & Wenderoth, N. (2016). Promises, pitfalls, and basic guidelines for applying machine learning classifiers to psychiatric imaging data, with autism as an example. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00177.
Kirsch, P., Esslinger, C., Chen, Q., Mier, D., Lis, S., Siddhanti, S., et al. (2005). Oxytocin modulates neural circuitry for social cognition and fear in humans. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(49), 11489–11493. https://doi.org/10.1523/Jneurosci.3984-05.2005.
Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P. J., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2005). Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature, 435(7042), 673–676. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03701.
Kovacs, B., & Keri, S. (2015). Off-label intranasal oxytocin use in adults is associated with increased amygdala-cingulate resting-state connectivity. European Psychiatry, 30(4), 542–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.02.010.
Krall, S. C., Rottschy, C., Oberwelland, E., Bzdok, D., Fox, P. T., Eickhoff, S. B., et al. (2015). The role of the right temporoparietal junction in attention and social interaction as revealed by ALE meta-analysis. Brain Structure & Function, 220(2), 587–604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0803-z.
Kubit, B., & Jack, A. I. (2013). Rethinking the role of the rTPJ in attention and social cognition in light of the opposing domains hypothesis: Findings from an ALE-based meta-analysis and resting-state functional connectivity. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 323. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00323.
Labuschagne, I., Phan, K. L., Wood, A., Angstadt, M., Chua, P., Heinrichs, M., et al. (2010). Oxytocin attenuates amygdala reactivity to fear in generalized social anxiety disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35(12), 2403–2413. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2010.123.
Lamm, C., Nusbaum, H. C., Meltzoff, A. N., & Decety, J. (2007). What are you feeling? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the modulation of sensory and affective responses during empathy for pain. PLoS One, 2(12), e1292. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001292.
Lamm, C., Decety, J., & Singer, T. (2011). Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain. Neuroimage, 54(3), 2492–2502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.014.
Lane, A., Luminet, O., Nave, G., & Mikolajczak, M. (2016). Is there a publication bias in behavioural intranasal oxytocin research on humans? Opening the file drawer of one laboratory. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 28(4).
Leng, G., & Ludwig, M. (2016). Intranasal oxytocin: Myths and delusions. Biological Psychiatry, 79(3), 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.003.
Leppanen, J., Ng, K. W., Tchanturia, K., & Treasure, J. (2017). Meta-analysis of the effects of intranasal oxytocin on interpretation and expression of emotions. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 78, 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.010.
Lewis, J. D., Evans, A. C., Pruett, J. R., Botteron, K., Zwaigenbaum, L., Estes, A., et al. (2014). Network inefficiencies in autism spectrum disorder at 24 months. Translational Psychiatry, 4. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2014.24.
Li, Y. O., Adali, T., & Calhoun, V. D. (2007). Estimating the number of independent components for functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Human Brain Mapping, 28, 1251–1266.
Li, W. Q., Mai, X. Q., & Liu, C. (2014). The default mode network and social understanding of others: What do brain connectivity studies tell us. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00074.
Liu, Q. Y., Farahibozorg, S., Porcaro, C., Wenderoth, N., & Mantini, D. (2017). Detecting large-scale networks in the human brain using high-density electroencephalography. Human Brain Mapping, 38(9), 4631–4643. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23688.
Lombardo, M. V., Chakrabarti, B., Bullmore, E. T., Consortium, M. A., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2011). Specialization of right temporo-parietal junction for mentalizing and its relation to social impairments in autism. Neuroimage, 56(3), 1832–1838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.067.
Mars, R. B., Neubert, F. X., Noonan, M. P., Sallet, J., Toni, I., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2012). On the relationship between the "default mode network" and the "social brain". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00189.
Mikolajczak, M., Gross, J. J., Lane, A., Corneille, O., de Timary, P., & Luminet, O. (2010). Oxytocin makes people trusting, not gullible. Psychological Science, 21(8), 1072–1074.
Mitchell, J. P. (2008). Activity in right temporo-parietal junction is not selective for theory-of-mind. Cerebral Cortex, 18(2), 262–271. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhm051.
Murphy, K., & Fox, M. D. (2017). Towards a consensus regarding global signal regression for resting state functional connectivity MRI. Neuroimage, 154, 169-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.052
Nave, G., Camerer, C., & McCullough, M. (2015). Does oxytocin increase Trust in Humans? A critical review of research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(6), 772–789.
Neumann, I. D., & Landgraf, R. (2012). Balance of brain oxytocin and vasopressin: Implications for anxiety, depression, and social behaviors. Trends in Neurosciences, 35(11), 649–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.004.
Olff, M., Frijling, J. L., Kubzansky, L. D., Bradley, B., Ellenbogen, M. A., Cardoso, C., et al. (2013). The role of oxytocin in social bonding, stress regulation and mental health: An update on the moderating effects of context and interindividual differences. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(9), 1883–1894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.019.
Phan, K. L. (2014). Oxytocin modulation of amygdala-frontal reactivity and connectivity to threat and at rest in social anxiety disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 75(9), 27s–27s.
Preckel, K., Scheele, D., Kendrick, K. M., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2014). Oxytocin facilitates social approach behavior in women. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 191. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00191.
Radke, S., & de Bruijn, E. R. A. (2015). Does oxytocin affect mind-reading? A replication study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 60, 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.06.006.
Realo, A., Allik, J., Nõlvak, A., Valk, R., Ruus, T., Schmidt, M., & Eilola, T. (2003). Mind-reading ability: Beliefs and performance. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(5), 420–445.
Riem, M. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Pieper, S., Tops, M., Boksem, M. A., Vermeiren, R. R., et al. (2011). Oxytocin modulates amygdala, insula, and inferior frontal gyrus responses to infant crying: A randomized controlled trial. Biological Psychiatry, 70(3), 291–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.006.
Riem, M. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Huffmeijer, R., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2013a). Does intranasal oxytocin promote prosocial behavior to an excluded fellow player? A randomized-controlled trial with Cyberball. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(8), 1418–1425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.023.
Riem, M. M., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Tops, M., Boksem, M. A., Rombouts, S. A., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2013b). Oxytocin effects on complex brain networks are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 23(10), 1288–1295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.01.011.
Riem, M. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Voorthuis, A., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2014a). Oxytocin effects on mind-reading are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal: An fMRI study. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 51, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.01.014.
Riem, M. M. E., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Voorthuis, A., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2014b). Oxytocin effects on mind-reading are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal: An fMRI study. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 51, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.01.014.
Rimmele, U., Hediger, K., Heinrichs, M., & Klaver, P. (2009). Oxytocin makes a face in memory familiar. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(1), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4260-08.2009.
Salimi-Khorshidi, G., Douaud, G., Beckmann, C. F., Glasser, M. F., Griffanti, L., & Smith, S. M. (2014). Automatic denoising of functional MRI data: Combining independent component analysis and hierarchical fusion of classifiers. Neuroimage, 90, 449–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.046.
Saxe, R., & Wexler, A. (2005). Making sense of another mind: The role of the right temporo-parietal junction. Neuropsychologia, 43(10), 1391–1399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.02.013.
Scheele, D., Wille, A., Kendrick, K. M., Stoffel-Wagner, B., Becker, B., Gunturkun, O., et al. (2013). Oxytocin enhances brain reward system responses in men viewing the face of their female partner. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(50), 20308–20313. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314190110.
Schilbach, L., Eickhoff, S. B., Rska-Jagiela, A. R., Fink, G. R., & Vogeley, K. (2008). Minds at rest? Social cognition as the default mode of cognizing and its putative relationship to the "default system" of the brain. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(2), 457–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2008.03.013.
Schulte-Ruther, M., Greimel, E., Markowitsch, H. J., Kamp-Becker, I., Remschmidt, H., Fink, G. R., & Piefke, M. (2011). Dysfunctions in brain networks supporting empathy: An fMRI study in adults with autism spectrum disorders. Social Neuroscience, 6(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470911003708032.
Seeley, S. H., Chou, Y.-h., & O’Connor, M.-F. (2018). Intranasal oxytocin and OXTR genotype effects on resting state functional connectivity: A systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews., 95, 17–32.
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., & Abu-Akel, A. (2016). The social salience hypothesis of oxytocin. Biological Psychiatry, 79(3), 194–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.020.
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Fischer, M., Dvash, J., Harari, H., Perach-Bloom, N., & Levkovitz, Y. (2009). Intranasal administration of oxytocin increases envy and schadenfreude (gloating). Biological Psychiatry, 66(9), 864–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.06.009.
Shulman, G. L., McAvoy, M. P., Cowan, M. C., Astafiev, S. V., Tansy, A. P., d'Avossa, G., & Corbetta, M. (2003). Quantitative analysis of attention and detection signals during visual search. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90(5), 3384–3397. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00343.2003.
Singh-Curry, V., & Husain, M. (2009). The functional role of the inferior parietal lobe in the dorsal and ventral stream dichotomy. Neuropsychologia, 47(6), 1434–1448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.033.
Smith, S. M., & Nichols, T. E. (2009). Threshold-free cluster enhancement: Addressing problems of smoothing, threshold dependence and localisation in cluster inference. Neuroimage, 44(1), 83–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.061.
Spreng, R. N., Mar, R. A., & Kim, A. S. N. (2009). The common neural basis of autobiographical memory, prospection, navigation, theory of mind, and the default mode: A quantitative meta-analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21(3), 489–510. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21029.
Sridharan, D., Levitin, D. J., Chafe, C. H., Berger, J., & Menon, V. (2007). Neural dynamics of event segmentation in music: Converging evidence for dissociable ventral and dorsal networks. Neuron, 55(3), 521–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.07.003.
Sripada, C. S., Phan, K. L., Labuschagne, I., Welsh, R., Nathan, P. J., & Wood, A. G. (2013). Oxytocin enhances resting-state connectivity between amygdala and medial frontal cortex. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 16(2), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145712000533.
Tagliazucchi, E., & Laufs, H. (2014). Decoding wakefulness levels from typical fMRI resting-state data reveals reliable drifts between wakefulness and sleep. Neuron, 82(3), 695–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.03.020.
Voorthuis, A., Riem, M. M. E., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2014). Reading the mind in the infant eyes: Paradoxical effects of oxytocin on neural activity and emotion recognition in watching pictures of infant faces. Brain Research, 1580, 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.051.
Washington, S. D., Gordon, E. M., Brar, J., Warburton, S., Sawyer, A. T., Wolfe, A., et al. (2014). Dysmaturation of the default mode Network in autism. Human Brain Mapping, 35(4), 1284–1296. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22252.
Wittfoth-Schardt, D., Grunding, J., Wittfoth, M., Lanfermann, H., Heinrichs, M., Domes, G., et al. (2012). Oxytocin modulates neural reactivity to Children's faces as a function of social salience. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(8), 1799–1807. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.47.
Wu, H., Chen, C., Cheng, D., Yang, S., Huang, R., Cacioppo, S., & Luo, Y. J. (2014). The mediation effect of menstrual phase on negative emotion processing: Evidence from N2. Social Neuroscience, 9(3), 278–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2014.886617.
Wu, H., Ge, Y., Tang, H., Luo, Y. J., Mai, X., & Liu, C. (2015). Language modulates brain activity underlying representation of kinship terms. Scientific Reports, 5, 18473.
Xie, X. Y., Bratec, S. M., Schmid, G., Meng, C., Doll, A., Wohlschlager, A., et al. (2016). How do you make me feel better? Social cognitive emotion regulation and the default mode network. Neuroimage, 134, 270–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.015.
Xin, F., Zhou, F., Zhou, X., Ma, X., Geng, Y., Zhao, W., et al. (2018). Oxytocin modulates the intrinsic dynamics between attention-related large-scale networks. Cerebral Cortex. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy295.
Young, L., Dodell-Feder, D., & Saxe, R. (2010). What gets the attention of the temporo-parietal junction? An fMRI investigation of attention and theory of mind. Neuropsychologia, 48(9), 2658–2664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.05.012.
Zeng, L. L., Shen, H., Liu, L., Wang, L. B., Li, B. J., Fang, P., et al. (2012). Identifying major depression using whole-brain functional connectivity: A multivariate pattern analysis. Brain, 135, 1498–1507. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws059.
Funding
This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number: U1736125, 31400963], and CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology to HW. QL was funded by James Boswell fellowship and FWO fellowship.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Ethical approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOC 4022 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, H., Feng, C., Lu, X. et al. Oxytocin effects on the resting-state mentalizing brain network. Brain Imaging and Behavior 14, 2530–2541 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-019-00205-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-019-00205-5