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Die distale Bizepssehnenruptur: Biomechanik und Fixationstechniken

Distal biceps tendon rupture: biomechanics and fixation techniques

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Zusammenfassung

Die Ruptur der distalen Bizepssehne (DBS) ist die häufigste Sehnenruptur des Ellenbogens. Als wichtigster Supinator und sekundärer Flexor des Unterarms führt eine Ruptur der DBS zu einem relevanten funktionellen Defizit. Die DBS-Ruptur tritt gehäuft bei Männern mittleren Alters auf. Verschiedene Operationstechniken zur Refixation der DBS finden aktuell im klinischen Alltag ihre Anwendung. Die sog. „Single-incision“-Technik mit einem isoliert anterioren Zugang hat sich vielerorts etabliert. In der biomechanischen Evaluation diverser Fixationsmethoden zeigen sich für aktuell verwendete Implantate vielversprechende in vitro-Ergebnisse. Bei Gegenüberstellung der verschiedenen Implantate zeigt sich zwar keine klare biomechanische Überlegenheit eines Implantats bzw. einer Technik, jedoch nähern sich die aktuellen Techniken einer Primärstabilität, die mit der nativen DBS vergleichbar ist. Auch die aktuelle Fadenankergeneration, sog. All-suture-Anker, erreichen eine hohe Versagenslast und ein niedriges Displacement unter zyklischer Belastung. Direkt postoperativ sind somit günstige biomechanische Voraussetzungen einer Einheilung der DBS an der Tuberositas radii gegeben. Nach DBS-Refixation konnten gute bis exzellente klinische Resultate mit Wiederherstellung von Flexions- sowie Supinationskraft erreicht werden. Schwerwiegende Komplikationen nach Refixation der DBS sind sehr selten. Dennoch besteht eine unmittelbare Nähe zu den umgebenden neurovaskulären Strukturen mit dem postoperativen Risiko für eine Affektion des N. cutaneus antebrachii lateralis und des N. interosseus posterior (N. radialis). Im eigenen operativen Vorgehen hat sich die unikortikale Onlay-Refixation mit Metallplättchen und aktuell insbesondere mit All-suture-Ankern bewährt. Bei chronischen Rupturen der DBS erfolgt eine Augmentation mittels autologem oder allogenem Sehnentransplantat. Dieser Artikel bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über relevante biomechanische Aspekte und Fixationstechniken der DBS.

Abstract

Rupture of the distal biceps tendon (DBT) is the most common elbow tendon rupture. As the primary supinator and secondary flexor of the forearm, rupture of the DBT results in significant functional deficits. DBT tears are more common in middle-aged men. Various surgical techniques for refixation of the DBT are currently used in daily clinical practice. The “single incision” technique using an isolated anterior approach has become an established procedure. The biomechanical evaluation of currently used implants and fixation methods shows promising in vitro results. When comparing the different implants, there is no clear biomechanical superiority of one implant or one technique, but the current techniques are approaching a primary stability that is comparable to native DBT. The current generation of suture anchors, all-suture anchors, also achieve a high failure loads and low displacement under cyclic loading. Consequently, favorable biomechanical conditions for healing of the DBT at the radial tuberosity are immediately postoperatively ensured. After DBT reattachment, good to excellent clinical results with restoration of flexion and supination strength were achieved. Serious complications following DBT reattachment are very rare. However, due to the close proximity of the surrounding neurovascular structures, there is a postoperative risk of injury to the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the posterior interosseous nerve (radial nerve). In our surgical procedure, unicortical onlay refixation with metal buttons and, in particular, the use of all-suture anchors have shown reliable and excellent results. In cases of chronic DBT ruptures, augmentation is performed with an autologous or allogeneic tendon graft. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant biomechanical aspects and fixation techniques of the distal biceps tendon.

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Correspondence to Alexander Otto.

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A. Otto und S. Siebenlist geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Otto, A., Siebenlist, S. Die distale Bizepssehnenruptur: Biomechanik und Fixationstechniken. Obere Extremität 18, 255–260 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11678-023-00775-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11678-023-00775-3

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