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Inter- and intra-specific phenotypic variation of ecological stoichiometric traits in a mixed-oak secondary forest in China

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Abstract

Ecological stoichiometry provides a framework for the balance and flow of elements between organisms and ecosystems. Elemental phenotypes have an important influence on the environmental adaptation and ecological evolution of plants. There have been few reports on inter- and intra-specific phenotypic variations of ecological stoichiometric traits for congeneric species in a mixed forest although such variations are well- documented at the species level at global, regional and local scales. In this study, total carbon (TC), nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP) and potassium (TK) were measured in leaves and the elemental phenotypes were statistically analyzed in four species of oaks—Quercus fabri, Q. serrata var. glandulifera, Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis—in a mixed-oak secondary forest in Yushan, Jiangsu, China. The average element concentrations in the four oak species were not relatively higher than previously reported for oaks from world and Chinese flora. Ecological stoichiometry traits were correlated with tree height and diameter at breast height, indicating that phosphorous and potassium were positively correlated with tree size, while carbon was negatively correlated, especially the relationship between oak growth and total carbon or total phosphorus was obvious, and the study concluded that this was because plant growth depended on phosphorus storage and had opposite effects on leaf carbon accumulation. Based on tree plasticity index and the coefficient of variation, there was medium variation in element concentrations. The plasticity index of total carbon levels was the lowest, and that of potassium the highest. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the intra-specific variation among the four oak species was higher than inter-specific variation. From the perspective of nutrient supply and ecological adaptation, this study creates a foundation for the management of secondary oak forest stands.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the Yushan forest farm of Changshu for granting access to the farm to carry out the study. We appreciated valuable comments and insights from Lei Xie, Xiaoxu Guo, Yao Li, and Lu Wang.

Funding

The work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 3177030224) and Jiangsu Forestry Science and Technology Innovation and Promotion Project (LYKJ[2017]025)

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  1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People’s Republic of China

    Yueyao Feng, Xuan Li, Biyao Zhou, Rong Hu, Jiading Yang & Yanming Fang

  2. College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People’s Republic of China

    Huanchao Zhang

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  1. Yueyao Feng
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Contributions

Ms. YF and Dr. XL contributed equally to this work. They conceived and designed the experiment. Ms. YF and Ms. BZ conducted the laboratory sample analysis; Ms. YF and Dr. XL analyzed the data; Dr. XL, Dr. RH and Prof. HZ contributed analysis methods/tools; Ms. YF and Dr. XL drafted the manuscript; Prof. YF contributed to manuscript revision. Prof. JY and Prof. YF contributed project administration and funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Yanming Fang.

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Project funding: The work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 3177030224) and Jiangsu Forestry Science and Technology Innovation and Promotion Project (LYKJ[2017]025).

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Corresponding editor: Yu Lei.

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Feng, Y., Li, X., Zhou, B. et al. Inter- and intra-specific phenotypic variation of ecological stoichiometric traits in a mixed-oak secondary forest in China. J. For. Res. 32, 2333–2347 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-021-01304-0

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