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Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships between and within wild Pistacia species populations and implications for its conservation

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Abstract

Although cultivation and utilization of Pistacia are fully exploited, the evolutionary history of the Pistacia genus and the relationships among the species and accessions is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to analyze random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in a total of 50 accessions of wild pistachio species, which included five populations Pistacia vera, Pistacia khinjuk, Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia mutica, and Pistacia eurycarpa. High levels of genetic diversity were detected within wild pistachio accessions, as revealed by using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging and supported via analysis of molecular variance. The objectives of this investigation were to estimate marker indices, polymorphic information contents (PICs), and genetic similarities (GS) for RAPD markers; assess the genetic diversity of Pistacia species, using GS estimated from RAPD fingerprints and molecular characterization; and facilitate the use of markers in inter-specific introgression and cultivar improvement. Out of the 149 polymerase chain reaction fragments that were scored, 146 (97.98 %) were polymorphic. Genetic similarities ranged from 0.3 to 0.86 %, marker indices ranged from 2.98 to 17.74 %, and PICs ranged from 0.80 to 0.99 %. Our results provided great molecular identification of all assayed genotypes, which have shown that there is large quantity of genetic diversity among the pistachio accessions. This finding might render striking information in breeding management strategies for genetic conservation and cultivar development.

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Abbreviations

GS:

Genetic similarities

HT:

Total gene diversity

HS:

Within gene diversity

MI:

Marker index

PICs:

Polymorphic information contents

POL:

Polymorphism percentage

RAPD:

Random amplified polymorphic DNA

RFLPs:

Restriction fragment-length polymorphisms

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Iranian Pistachio Research Institute, Rafsanjan, Iran. The authors would like extend their appreciation to Heman Ebrahimi for his help in arranging pictures on the www.banehpedia.com website and providing us access.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, P. O. Box. 61355/144, Ahwaz, Iran

    Parvaneh Iranjo, Daryuoosh NabatiAhmadi, Karim Sorkheh & Hamid Rajabi Memeari

  2. Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Sezai Ercisli

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  1. Parvaneh Iranjo
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  2. Daryuoosh NabatiAhmadi
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  3. Karim Sorkheh
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Correspondence to Karim Sorkheh.

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Project funding: This study was supported by Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Iran.

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Corresponding editor: Hu Yanbo

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Iranjo, P., NabatiAhmadi, D., Sorkheh, K. et al. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships between and within wild Pistacia species populations and implications for its conservation. J. For. Res. 27, 685–697 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-015-0098-9

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