Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic and morphological variation in natural teak (Tectona grandis) populations of the Western Ghats in Southern India

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Forestry Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is a popular hardwood species native to South and South-East Asia. The possible association of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker with morphological variables of eleven important characters viz. girth at breast height (GBH), height of tree, bole height, branch knots, presence of fluting, spiral stem, leaf hair, leaf length/breadth ratio, branching pattern, bark colour and petiole shape for nine natural populations comprising 180 genotypes of teak (9 populations × 20 trees). The phenogram constructed using Euclidean distances for the eleven morphological characters showed that the populations were not grouped according to their geographical origin. The Mantel’s test for pairwise correlation between Euclidean distances of different morphological variables and genetic distances from AFLP data revealed that only petiole character (r =0.269; p =0.046) and height of tree (r =0.200; p =0.001) were significantly correlated with that of AFLP data matrix. The nine populations in this study covered a geographic area of about 1000 km stretch along the Western Ghat of South India. A test of correlation between genetic and geographic distance matrices revealed a significant positive correlation (r =0.475; p =0.009). The lack of perfect congruence between morphological and molecular data except for geographic distance, tree height and petiole character suggested that the morphological system might be useful for the morphotypes management but not appropriate to study the genetic structure of the teak populations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Assogbadjo AE, Kyndt T, Sinsin B, Gheysen G, Van damme P. 2006. Patterns of genetic and morphometric diversity in Baobab (Adansonia digitata) populations across different climatic zones of Benin (West Africa). Ann Botany, 97: 819–830.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bagchi SK. 1999. Correlation of age element in Tectona grandis Linn. f. Indian For, 125: 522–525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedell PE. 1989. Preliminary observations on the variability of teak in India. Indian For, 115: 72–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dilip Kumar PJ. 2005. Teak in Karnataka state, India. In: K.M. Bhat, K.K.N. Nair, K. V Bhat E. M. Muralidharan Sharma J.K. (eds), Quality timber products of teak from sustainable forest management. Kerala Forest Research Institute, India and International Tropical Timber Organization, Yokohama, pp 45–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle JJ, Doyle J. 1990. Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus, 12:13–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehara H, Kosaka S, Shimura N, Matoyoma D, Morita O, Mizota C, Naito H, Susanto S, Bintoro MH, Yamamoto Y. 2002. Genetic variation of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) in the Malay Archipelago. In: K. Kainuma, M. Okazaki Y, Toyada Y and Cecil J.E. (eds), New frontiers of sago palm studies. Tokyo: Universal Academy Press, pp. 93–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunaga RP, Vasudevan R. 2003. Genetic variation for fruiting phenology in teak clones among provenances of Karnataka (Tectona grandis L.f). Indian J Fores, 25: 215–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hush B, Miller CI, Beers TW. 1972. Forest Mensuration. New York: The Ronald Press Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kala JC, Kumaravelu G, Krishnakumar N. 2005. Status report of teak in Tamil Nadu, India. In: K.M. Bhat, K.K.N. Nair, K. V Bhat E. M. Muralidharan Sharma J.K. (eds), Quality timber products of teak from sustainable forest management. Kerala Forest Research Institute, India and International Tropical Timber Organization, Yokohama, pp. 47–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaosa-ard A. 1993. Teak international provenance trials I. Growth and stem quality. In Proceedings “50th Year of Huay Tak Teak Plantation: Teak Seminar”, pp 113–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katwal RPS. 2005. Teak in India: status prospects and perspectives. In: K.M. Bhat, K.K.N. Nair, K. V Bhat E. M. Muralidharan Sharma J.K. (eds), Quality timber products of teak from sustainable forest management. Kerala Forest Research Institute, India and International Tropical Timber Organization, Yokohama, pp 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keiding H, Wellendorf H, Lauridsen EB. 1986. Evaluation of an international teak provenance trials. Danida Forest Seed Centre, p.81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjaer A, Barfod AS, Asmussen CB, Seberg O. 2002. Genetic and morphological variation in the sago palm Metroxylon sagu Rottb. (Arecaceae) in Papua New Guinea. In: K. Okazaki M. Toyada and Cecil J. E. (eds), New frontiers of sago palm studies. Tokyo: Universal Academy Press, pp. 100–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjaer ED, Seigismund HR, Suangtho V. 1996. A multivariate study on genetic variation of teak (Tectona grandis. L.). Silvae Genet, 45: 361–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Gogate, M.G, Sharma R, Mandal, AK 1997. Genetic evaluation of teak clones of Allapali region, Maharashtra. Indian For, 123: 187–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Mantel NA. 1967. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res, 27: 209–220.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mathew J. 2001. Variation for germination and early seedling vigour among Half Sib Families of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Clones of Karnataka. M.Sc. thesis, College of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Sirsi, Karnataka, p 102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathew J, Vasudeva R. 2005. Clonal variation for seed germination in teak (Tectona grandis L.f.). Curr Sci, 84: 1133–1136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller MP. 1997. A Windows program for the analysis of allozyme and molecular population genetic data (TFPGA). Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nei M. 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics, 89: 583–590.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peakall R, Smouse, PE. 2006. GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes, 6: 288–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prabhu NH. 2005. Teak in Kerala: past present and future. In: K.M. Bhat, K.K.N. Nair, K. V Bhat E. M. Muralidharan Sharma J.K. (eds), Quality timber products of teak from sustainable forest management. Kerala Forest Research Institute, India and International Tropical Timber Organization, Yokohama, pp. 83–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rolf J. 2000. NTSYS-pc, Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System, Version.2.1 Exeter, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sneath PHA, Sokal, RR. 1973. Numerical taxonomy. W.H. Freeman San Francisco California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sreekanth PM, Balasundaran M, Nazeem PA, Suma TB. 2012. Genetic diversity of nine natural Tectona grandis Lf populations of the Western Ghats in Southern India. Conserv Genet, 13: 1409–1419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sreekanth PM, Balasundaran M. 2012. AFLP diversity of teak clonal seed orchard. Indian J Genet Plant Breed, 4: 484–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sreekumar VB, Binoy AM, Sarah, TG. 2007. Genetic and morphological variation in breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) in the Western Ghats of India using AFLP. Genet Resour Crop Ev, 54: 1659–1665.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sreekumar VB, Renuka, C, Suma TB, Balasundaran, M. 2006. Taxonomic reconsideration of Calamus rivalis Thw. ex Trim. and C. metzianus Schlecht (Arecaceae) through morphometric and molecular analyses. Bot Stud, 47: 443–452.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suri, SK. 1984. Analytical study of teak provenance tests in North Raipur division of Madhya Pradesh. Indian For, 110: 345–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasudeva R, Gunaga RP, Hanumantha M. 2001. Implication of variation in reproductive traits among teak clones to management and genetics of seed orchards. Advances in Forestry Research, 24: 120–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vos P, Hogers R, Bleeker M, Reijans M, Vande Lee T, Hornes M, Frijters A, Pot J, Peleman J, Kuiper M, Zabeau M. 1995. AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Res, 23: 4407–4414.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wellendorf H Kaosa-ard A. 1988. Teak improvement strategy in Thailand. Forest Tree Improvement No.21 p.43.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology and Applied Genetics, Bangalore City College New Campus, Kalyan Nagar, Banaswadi Outer Ring Road, Bangalore, 560043, India

    P. M. Sreekanth

  2. Environmental Biotechnology, Tropical Institute of Ecological Sciences, Velloor P.O, Kottayam, 686501, Kerala, India

    M. Balasundaran

  3. Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, KAU Campus P.O, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India

    P. A. Nazeem

Authors
  1. P. M. Sreekanth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Balasundaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. A. Nazeem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. M. Sreekanth.

Additional information

Project founding: This work was financially supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (S.O. No. BT/PR/2302/AGR/08/161/2000).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sreekanth, P.M., Balasundaran, M. & Nazeem, P.A. Genetic and morphological variation in natural teak (Tectona grandis) populations of the Western Ghats in Southern India. Journal of Forestry Research 25, 805–812 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-014-0528-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-014-0528-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation