Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Damage Mechanism Evaluation of Polymer Matrix Composite Reinforced with Glass Fiber via Modified Arcan Test Specimens

  • Technical Article---Peer-Reviewed
  • Published:
Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Damage mechanism evaluation of polymer matrix composites reinforced with glass fibers via Arcan test has become a very vital research area for determining the weak part of composite structures in aircraft segments. So, the objective of the present article is to study the effect of changing different load angles as: α = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° of unidirectional glass-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite specimens by Arcan test. In this study, modified Arcan test specimens (butterfly shaped) are used to study the mechanical properties and the resulting fracture mode of unidirectional glass-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite under combined tension and shear stresses. Two cases of applied Arcan test specimens of unidirectional glass-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite specimens were evaluated: (1) notch-to-notch perpendicularly oriented fiber specimens are referred to as group A1, and (2) notch-to-notch longitudinally oriented fiber specimens are group A2. The results revealed that the shear modulus of A1 specimens is found to be G12 = 5.5 GPa ± 18%, which is close to the value calculated using the elastic properties of the composite components. On the other hand, the shear modulus of A2 specimens is found to be G21 = 4.2 GPa ± 8%, which is relatively close to calculated G23 value. It is observed that the fracture mode of A2 specimens is almost not affected by the loading direction. However, the number of cracks and its direction relative to the notch-to-notch line decreases as the test angle increases. Moreover, the strength of A1 specimens is much higher than that of A2 specimens at all applied loading angles, except for pure shear loading.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. L. Arcan, M. Arcan, M. Daniel, SEM fractography of pure and mixed-mode interlaminar fractures in graphite/epoxy composites. Fractogr. Mod. Eng. Mater. Compos. Met. ASTM STP 948, 41–67 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Arcan, Z. Hashin, A. Volosin, A method to produce uniform plane-stress states with applications to fibre-reinforced materials. Exp. Mech. 18, 141–146 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. M.H. Ata, M. Abu-Okail, G. Essa, Failure mode and failure load of adhesively bonded composite joints made by glass fiber-reinforced polymer. J Fail. Anal. Prevent. 19, 950–957 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. B.S. Majumdar, D. Hunston, Continuous Parallel Fiber Composites: Fracture. Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2001), pp. 1618–1629

    Book  Google Scholar 

  5. Bert De Schoenmaker, Sam Van der Heijden, Ives De Baere, Wim Van Paepegem, Karen De Clerck, Effect of electrospun polyamide 6 nanofibres on the mechanical properties of a glass fibre/epoxy composite. Polym. Test. 32, 1495–1501 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. C. Katsoulis, B.K. Kandola, P. Myler, E. Kandare, Post-fire flexural performance of epoxy-nanocomposite matrix glass fibre composites containing conventional flame retardants. Compos. A 43, 1389–1399 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. H. Pihtili, An experimental investigation of wear of glass fibre–epoxy resin and glass fibre–polyester resin composite materials. Eur. Polym. J. 45, 49–154 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hossein Ghiasi, Damiano Pasinib, Larry Lessard, Optimum stacking sequence design of composite materials. Part I: constant stiffness design. Compos. Struct. 90, 1–11 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. S.C. Hung, K.M. Liechti, An evaluation of the Arcan specimen for determining the shear moduli of fiber reinforced composites. Exp. Mech. 37(4), 460–468 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. S.C. Hung, K.M. Liechti, Finite element analysis of the Arcan specimen for fiber reinforced composites under pure shear and biaxial loading. J. Compos. Mater. 33(14), 1288–1317 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. I.F. Soykok, O. Sayman, A. Pasinli, Effects of hot water aging on failure behavior of mechanically fastened glass fiber/epoxy composite joints. Compos. B 54, 59–70 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. A.K. Kaw, Mechanics of composite materials, 2nd edn. (Taylor & Francis Group LLC, London, 2006), pp. 1–57

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kimiyoshi Naito, Yutaka Kagawa, Kanshi Kurihara, Dielectric properties and noncontact damage detection of plain-woven fabric glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites using millimeter wavelength microwave. Compos. Struct. 94, 695–701 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. L.P. Borrego, J.D.M. Costa, J.A.M. Ferreira, H. Silva, Fatigue behaviour of glass fibre reinforced epoxy composites enhanced with nanoparticles. Compos. B 62, 65–72 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lei Gao, Fujian Ni, Andrew Braham, Hailong Luo, Mixed-mode cracking behavior of cold recycled mixes with emulsion using Arcan configuration. Constr. Build. Mater. 55, 415–422 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Nikbakht, N. Choupani, Fracture toughness characterization of carbon-epoxy composite using Arcan specimen. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 41, 738–744 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Naghdali Choupani, Mixed-mode cohesive fracture of adhesive joints: experimental and numerical studies. Eng. Fract. Mech. 75, 4363–4382 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. P.B. Gning, D. Delsart, J.M. Mortier, D. Coutellier, Through-thickness strength measurements using Arcan’s method. Compos. B 41, 308–316 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. B.W. Rosen, A simple procedure for experimental determination of the longitudinal shear modulus of unidirectional composites. J. Compos. Mater. 6, 552 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. V. Krishnaraj, R. Zitoune, J.P. Davim, Drilling of Polymer-Matrix Composites (Springer, Berlin, 2013), pp. 3–9

    Book  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Voloshin, M. Arcan, Failure of unidirectional fiber reinforced materials—new methodology and results. Exp. Mech. 20(3), 280–284 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. Voloshin, M. Arcan, Pure shear moduli determination in fibre reinforced materials. Fibre Sci. Technol. 13, 125–134 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. J.M. Whitney, D.L. Stansbarger, H.B. Howell, Analysis of the rail shear test—applications and limitations. J. Compos. Mater. 5, 24–34 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Manufacturing Engineering Department, Modern Academy for Engineering and Technology, Egypt, Cairo in Maadi and both of Mechanical Production Department, Faculty of Industrial Education, Beni-Suef University and Suez University, Egypt in Beni-Suef and Suez to cooperate and contribute this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Manufacturing Engineering and Production Technology Department, Modern Academy for Engineering and Technology, Cairo, P.O. Box 11571, Egypt

    Mohamed Abu-Okail

  2. Mechanical Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

    M. Nafea, M. N. El-Sheikh & Ahmed Abu-Oqail

  3. Mechanical Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez University, Suez, Egypt

    M. A. Ghanem & A. E. El-Nikhaily

Authors
  1. Mohamed Abu-Okail
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Nafea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. A. Ghanem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. N. El-Sheikh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. E. El-Nikhaily
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ahmed Abu-Oqail
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohamed Abu-Okail.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abu-Okail, M., Nafea, M., Ghanem, M.A. et al. Damage Mechanism Evaluation of Polymer Matrix Composite Reinforced with Glass Fiber via Modified Arcan Test Specimens. J Fail. Anal. and Preven. 21, 451–461 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-020-01078-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-020-01078-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation