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Study on Vibration Characteristics of Fracturing Piping in Pump-Starting and Pump-Stopping Water Hammer

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Abstract

In pump-starting and pump-stopping, because of the rapid change in fracturing fluid, the piping is subjected to water hammer effect. Water hammer effect results in severe vibration, which may damage the pipe or cause sealing failure of connections. To quantitatively analyze the water hammer effect and vibration characteristics in pump-starting and pump-stopping, the characterized lines method was adopted to analyze the velocities and dynamic pressures of fracturing fluid, as well as the axial velocities and additional stresses of piping at different depths. It shows that in pump-starting, the velocities and dynamic pressures of fracturing fluid as well as the axial velocities and additional stresses of piping increase greatly with increased flow rate of fracturing fluid. Meanwhile, the fluctuations of dynamic pressure and the axial velocities of piping decrease with increased depth. In the pump-stopping process, the shorter the pumping-stop time is, the higher the dynamic pressure of the fracturing fluid and the greater the axial velocity of the pipe. It is easier to damage the pipe in pump-stopping compared to pump-starting. The study provides a guidance of the flow rate of fracturing fluid, pump-starting time, and pump-stopping time to ensure safe fracturing.

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Abbreviations

x :

Axial direction of piping (m)

ρ :

Density of fracturing fluid (kg/m3)

v :

Velocity of fracturing fluid (m/s)

c :

Propagation velocity of pressure wave (m/s)

λ :

Friction resistance coefficient (dimensionless)

d :

Inner diameter of piping (m)

Q 0 :

Initial flow rate, zero (m3/s)

A :

Coefficient of increased flow rate (dimensionless)

t :

Pump-starting time (s)

τ:

Ratio of a certain time and total pump-stopping time (dimensionless)

p 0 :

Initial pump pressure (Pa)

v max :

The maximum velocity of fracturing fluid (m/s)

T :

Total pump-stop time (s)

n :

Coefficient in pump-stopping process (dimensionless)

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51404198 and 51674199) and Important National Science and Technology Project (2016ZX05051003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering College, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, 710065, China

    Yinping Cao, Yihua Dou, Yuxi Huang & Jiarui Cheng

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  1. Yinping Cao
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  2. Yihua Dou
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  3. Yuxi Huang
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  4. Jiarui Cheng
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Correspondence to Yinping Cao.

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Cao, Y., Dou, Y., Huang, Y. et al. Study on Vibration Characteristics of Fracturing Piping in Pump-Starting and Pump-Stopping Water Hammer. J Fail. Anal. and Preven. 19, 1093–1104 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-019-00699-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-019-00699-7

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