Abstract
Residual stress plays an important role in the properties and performance of coatings, such as coating–substrate adhesion. With in situ residual stress measurements, further insight into the coating formation process can also be obtained. Substrate curvature deflection measurements during the aerosol deposition of BaTiO3 were employed to calculate the coating’s residual stress via the Stoney formula and compared to x-ray diffraction measurements. Analysis of the substrate deflection behavior during coating application is discussed and compared to related spray processes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Akedo, Aerosol Deposition of Ceramic Thick Films at Room Temperature: Densification Mechanism of Ceramic Layers, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2006, 89(6), p 1834-1839
B. Jaffe, Piezoelectric Ceramics, Vol 3, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2012
S.M. Aygün, J.F. Ihlefeld, W.J. Borland, and J.-P. Maria, Permittivity Scaling in Ba1−xSrxTiO3 Thin Films and Ceramics, J. Appl. Phys., 2011, 109(3), p 034108
T. Hoshina, T. Furuta, Y. Kigoshi, S. Hatta, N. Horiuchi, H. Takeda, and T. Tsurumi, Size Effect of Nanograined BaTiO3 Ceramics Fabricated by Aerosol Deposition Method, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 2010, 49(9S), p 09MC02
M. Schubert, J. Exner, and R. Moos, Influence of Carrier Gas Composition on the Stress of Al2O3 Coatings Prepared by the Aerosol Deposition Method, Materials, 2014, 7(8), p 5633-5642
J. Adamczyk and P. Fuierer, Compressive Stress in Nano-crystalline Titanium Dioxide Films by Aerosol Deposition, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2018, 350(2018), p 542-549
N.H. Khansur, U. Eckstein, K. Riess, A. Martin, J. Drnec, U. Deisinger, and K.G. Webber, Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction Study of Residual Stresses in BaTiO3 Films Deposited at Room Temperature by Aerosol Deposition, Scr. Mater., 2018, 157, p 86-89
S. Kuroda and T.W. Clyne, The Quenching Stress in Thermally Sprayed Coatings, Thin Solid Films, 1991, 200(1), p 49-66
J. Matějíček, S. Sampath, T. Gnaeupel-Herold, and H.J. Prask, Residual Stress in Sprayed Ni + 5% Al Coatings Determined by Neutron Diffraction, Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process., 2002, 74(1), p s1692-s1694
T. Suhonen, T. Varis, S. Dosta, M. Torrell, and J.M. Guilemany, Residual Stress Development in Cold Sprayed Al, Cu and Ti coatings, Acta Mater., 2013, 61(17), p 6329-6337
A. Beauger, J.C. Mutin, and J.C. Niepce, Synthesis Reaction of Metatitanate BaTiO3, J. Mater. Sci., 1983, 18(10), p 3041-3046
L.K. Templeton and J.A. Pask, Formation of BaTiO3 from BaCO3 and TiO2 in Air and in CO2, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1959, 42(5), p 212-216
P. Sarobol, M. Chandross, J.D. Carroll, W.M. Mook, D.C. Bufford, B.L. Boyce, K. Hattar, P.G. Kotula, and A.C. Hall, Room Temperature Deformation Mechanisms of Alumina Particles Observed from In Situ Micro-compression and Atomistic Simulations, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2016, 25(1–2), p 82-93
Y. Imanaka, H. Amada, F. Kumasaka, N. Awaji, and A. Kumamoto, Nanoparticulate BaTiO3 Film Produced by Aerosol-Type Nanoparticle Deposition, J. Nanopart. Res., 2016, 18(4), p 102
D. Hanft, P. Glosse, S. Denneler, T. Berthold, M. Oomen, S. Kauffmann-Weiss, F. Weis, W. Häßler, B. Holzapfel, and R. Moos, The Aerosol Deposition Method: A Modified Aerosol Generation Unit to Improve Coating Quality, Materials, 2018, 11(9), p 1572
A.C. Dent, C.R. Bowen, R. Stevens, M.G. Cain, and M. Stewart, Effective Elastic Properties for Unpoled Barium Titanate, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2007, 27, p 3739-3743
K. Okazaki and T. Tanimoto, Electro-mechanical Strength and Fatigue of Ferroelectric Ceramics, Ferroelectrics, 1992, 131(1), p 25-40
T. Tanimoto, K. Okazaki, and K. Yamamoto, Tensile Stress–Strain Behavior of Piezoelectric Ceramics, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 1993, 32(9S), p 4233
Acknowledgments
Heat treatment and XRD measurements and analysis were performed by James Griego and Mark Rodriguez. FIB cross sections and TEM were performed by Paul Kotula. Feedstock material was supplied by Harlan Brown-Shaklee. Metallographic sample preparation was performed by Christina Profazi, and SEM analysis and thickness measurements were performed by Sara Dickens. Special thanks to Tom Holmes, Andrew Miller, and Jesse Adamczyk for their assistance with AD film preparation and Pylin Sarabol for arranging FIB/TEM and XRD measurements. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the US Department of Energy or the US Government.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This article is part of a special topical focus in the Journal of Thermal Spray Technology on Aerosol Deposition and Kinetic Spray Processes. This issue was organized by Dr. Kentaro Shinoda, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Dr. Frank Gaertner, Helmut-Schmidt University; Prof. Changhee Lee, Hanyang University; Prof. Ali Dolatabadi, Concordia University; and Dr. Scooter Johnson, Naval Research Laboratory.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vackel, A. In Situ Substrate Curvature Measurement of BaTiO3 Films Deposited by Aerosol Deposition. J Therm Spray Tech 30, 584–590 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-020-01075-w
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-020-01075-w