Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance Comparison of Double-Layer Liner for Shaped Charge Fabricated Using Kinetic Spray

  • Peer Reviewed
  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Shaped charge (SC) ammunition is a weapon designed to penetrate armor. The functions of the liner, which is a core component of the SC, are penetration and explosion. Because of the increasing necessity for the liner with both penetrating and demolition functions, a double-layer liner was produced which could cause explosion after penetration (penetration–explosion effect, PE). A double-layer liner was designed to increase the explosive power of the SC and to enhance the SC’s performance by PE effect. Reactive Al and Al-Ni coatings were successfully deposited on the conical Cu liner via kinetic spray to fabricate the double-layer liner. A ballistic test was conducted to compare the explosive power between a single Cu liner and double-layer liners and to identify the PE effect. By measuring the penetration area of the target plate and the number of broken support bolts, the liner’s explosive power was compared and determined. The explosive power of double-layer liner was stronger than that of the single Cu liner. Alumina and an intermetallic compound of Al-Ni, both of which are evidence of exothermic reactions, were investigated using EDS and XRD techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P. Chou and W. Flis, Recent Developments in Shaped Charge Technology, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 1986, 11(4), p 99-114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. W.P. Walters and J.A. Zukas, Fundamentals of Shaped Charges, Wiley, New York, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  3. G. Birkhoff, D.P. MacDougall, E.M. Pugh, and S.G. Taylor, Explosives with Lined Cavities, J. Appl. Phys., 1948, 19(6), p 563-582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. D.R. Kennedy, History of the Shaped Charge Effect: The First 100 Years, Defense Technical Information Center, Fort Belvoir, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  5. M.R. Bell, J.T. Hardesty, and N.G. Clark, Reactive Perforating: Conventional and Unconventional Applications, Learnings and Opportunities, in 8th European Formation Damage Conference, May 27-29, 2009 (Netherland), Society of Petroleum Engineers

  6. S. Saran, O. Ayısıt, and M.S. Yavuz, Experimental Investigations on Aluminum Shaped Charge Liners, Procedia Eng., 2013, 58, p 479-486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. W. Walters, and A.P. Ground, An Overview of the Shaped Charge Concept, in 11th Annual ARL/USMA Technical Symposium, 2003

  8. D. Hasenberg, Consequences of Coaxial Jet Penetration Performance and Shaped Charge Design Criteria. Master Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, 2010

  9. S.J. Kim, S.H. Mun, K.A. Lee, C.H. Lee, and S. Lee, Manufacturing and Evaluating for the Two Layer/Explosive Materials and Their Numerical Simulations, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2014, 767, p 52-59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Smith, J. Brockmann, R. Dykhuizen, D. Gilmore, R. Neiser, and T. Roemer, Cold Spray Direct Fabrication-High Rate, Solid State, Material Consolidation, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 1998, 542, p 65-76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. E.H. Kwon, S.H. Cho, J.W. Han, C.H. Lee, and H.J. Kim, Particle Behavior in Supersonic Flow During the Cold Spray Process, Met. Mater. Int., 2005, 11(5), p 377-381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. G. Byun, J. Kim, C. Lee, S.J. Kim, and S. Lee, Kinetic Spraying Deposition of Reactive-Enhanced Al-Ni Composite for Shaped Charge Liner Applications, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2016, 25(3), p 483-493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Won, G. Bae, K. Kang, C. Lee, S.J. Kim, K.-A. Lee, and S. Lee, Bonding, Reactivity, and Mechanical Properties of the Kinetic-sprayed Deposition of Al for a Thermally Activated Reactive Cu Liner, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2014, 23(5), p 818-826

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Alkhimov, V. Kosarev, and S. Klinkov, The Features of Cold Spray Nozzle Design, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2001, 10(2), p 375-381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. J. Wu, H. Fang, S. Yoon, H. Kim, and C. Lee, Measurement of Particle Velocity and Characterization of Deposition in Aluminum Alloy Kinetic Spraying Process, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2005, 252(5), p 1368-1377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. W.P. Walters and S.K. Golaski, Hemispherical and Conical Shaped-Charge Liner Collapse and Jet Formation, US Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, Adelphi, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  17. W.P. Walters, Shock Waves in the Study of Shaped Charges, US Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, Adelphi, 1991

    Book  Google Scholar 

  18. Mechanical Properties of Fasteners—Bolts, Screws, Studs and Nuts Made of Non-Ferrous Metals. ISO 8839, Standard Catalogue for ISO, International Organization for Standardization, 1986

  19. B. Xi, L. Jinxu, L. Shukui, L. Cuicui, G. Wenqi, and W. Tengteng, Effect of Interaction Mechanism between Jet and Target on Penetration Performance of Shaped Charge Liner, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, 553, p 142-148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Held, Liners for Shaped Charges, J. Battlef. Technol., 2001, 4(3), p 1-7

    Google Scholar 

  21. J. Xiao, X. Zhang, Y. Wang, F. Xu, and H. Wang, Demolition Mechanism and Behavior of Shaped Charge with Reactive Liner, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2016, 41(4), p 612-617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. M.A. Trunov, M. Schoenitz, and E. Dreizin, Effect of Polymorphic Phase Transformations in Alumina Layer on Ignition of Aluminium Particles, Combust. Theor. Model., 2006, 10(4), p 603-623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Biswas and S. Roy, Comparison Between the Microstructural Evolutions of Two Modes of SHS of NiAl: Key to a Common Reaction Mechanism, Acta Mater., 2004, 52(2), p 257-270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. P. Church, R. Claridge, P. Ottley, I. Lewtas, N. Harrison, P. Gould, C. Braithwaite, and D. Williamson, Investigation of a Nickel-Aluminum Reactive Shaped Charge Liner, J. Appl. Mech., 2013, 80(3), p 031701

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by an Agency for Defense Development (ADD) grant funded by the Korean government (MOST) (No. 111115-911004001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kinetic Spraying Coating Laboratory, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Seungtae Lee, Jaeick Kim & Changhee Lee

  2. Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea

    Kim Seejo

  3. The 4th Research and Development Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

    Seong Lee

  4. Ammunition Systems Department, Defence R&D Center, Hanwha Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

    Jaechul Jeong

Authors
  1. Seungtae Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jaeick Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kim Seejo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Seong Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jaechul Jeong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Changhee Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Changhee Lee.

Additional information

This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 8th Asian Thermal Spray Conference (ATSC 2017) and has been expanded from the original presentation. ATSC 2017 was held in Jeju, Korea, November 6-8, 2017, and was organized by the Asian Thermal Spray Society and the Korean Thermal Spray Association.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lee, S., Kim, J., Kim, S. et al. Performance Comparison of Double-Layer Liner for Shaped Charge Fabricated Using Kinetic Spray. J Therm Spray Tech 28, 484–494 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-018-0807-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-018-0807-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation