Skip to main content
Log in

Silver-Doped Hydroxyapatite Coatings Deposited by Suspension Plasma Spraying

  • Peer Reviewed
  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pure hydroxyapatite suspension was produced by wet chemical synthesis. Using a hybrid water-stabilized torch, a series of HA coatings were produced on SS304 and Ti6Al4V substrates and their properties were characterized by SEM, EDX and XRD techniques. After deposition, the amorphous phase content reached 6-10% and the coatings retained 75-82% of crystalline HA phase. Their thickness reached 145 μm. To understand the wear behavior of the coatings, pin-on-disc tribology evaluation was performed. Additionally, a set of HA coatings was prepared with pure metallic Ag content. This formed by in situ chemical decomposition of AgNO3 added into the HA suspension. The Ag was dispersed evenly within the coatings in the form of submicron-sized particles situated predominantly along the HA splats boundaries with a total Ag content of 8 wt.%. Given the antibacterial properties of Ag, such result presents a promising step forward in the hard tissue replacement research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. L.L. Hench, Bioceramics-From Concept to Clinic, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1991, 74(7), p 1487-1510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. L.L. Hench, Bioceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2005, 81(7), p 1705-1728

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Cizek, K.A. Khor, and Z. Prochazka, Influence of Spraying Conditions on Thermal and Velocity Properties of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2007, 27(2), p 340-344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Cizek and K.A. Khor, Role of In-Flight Temperature and Velocity of Powder Particles on Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coating Characteristics, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2012, 206(8-9), p 2181-2191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J.L. Xu, D. Joguet, J. Cizek, K.A. Khor, H.L. Liao, C. Coddet, and W.N. Chen, Synthesis and Characterization on Atomphospheric Plasma Sprayed Amorphous Silica Doped Hydrxoyapatite Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2012, 206(22), p 4659-4665

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. R.B. Heimann, Materials Science of Crystalline Bioceramics: A Review of Basic Properties and Applications, Chiang Mai Univ. J. Nat. Sci., 2002, 1(1), p 23-45

    Google Scholar 

  7. R.B. Heimann, Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxylapatite-Based Coatings: Chemical, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Biomedical Properties, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2016, 25(5), p 827-850

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. T.J. Levingstone, M. Ardhaoui, K. Benyounis, L. Looney, and J. Stokes, Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings: Understanding Process Relationships Using Design of Experiment Analysis, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, 283, p 29-36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. T.J. Levingstone, N. Barron, M. Ardhaoui, K. Benyounis, L. Looney, and J. Stokes, Application of Response Surface Methodology in the Design of Functionally Graded Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2017, 313, p 307-318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. K.A. Gross, C.C. Berndt, and H. Herman, Amorphous Phase Formation in Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 1998, 39(3), p 407-414

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M.F. Hasan, J. Wang, and C.C. Berndt, Effect of Power and Stand-Off Distance on Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings, Mater. Manuf. Process., 2013, 28(12), p 1279-1285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Dyshlovenko, L. Pawlowski, P. Roussel, D. Murano, and A. le Maguer, Relationship Between Plasma Spray Operational Parameters and Microstructure of Hydroxyapatite Coatings and Powder Particles Sprayed Into Water, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 200(12-13), p 3845-3855

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. V. Guipont, M. Espanol, F. Borit, N. Llorca-Isern, M. Jeandin, K.A. Khor, and P. Cheang, High-Pressure Plasma Spraying of Hydroxyapatite Powders, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2002, 325(1-2), p 9-18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. K.A. Khor, Y.W. Gu, C.H. Quek, and P. Cheang, Plasma Spraying of Functionally Graded Hydroxyapatite/Ti-6Al-4V Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2003, 168(2-3), p 195-201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. K.A. Khor, C.S. Yip, and P. Cheang, Ti-6Al-4V/Hydroxyapatite Composite Coatings Prepared by Thermal Spray Techniques, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1997, 6(1), p 109-115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. R. Ahmed, N.H. Faisal, S.M. Knupfer, A.M. Paradowska, M.E. Fitzpatrick, K.A. Khor, and J. Cizek, Neutron Diffraction Residual Strain Measurements in Plasma Sprayed Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Orthopaedic Implants, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2010, 652, p 309-314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. N.W. Khun, Z. Li, K.A. Khor, and J. Cizek. Higher in-Flight Particle Velocities Enhance In Vitro Tribological Behavior of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings, Tribol. Int., 2016, 103, p 496-503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. P. Fauchais, Understanding Plasma Spraying, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2004, 37(9), p R86-R108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. L. Pawlowski, Suspension and Solution Thermal Spray Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2009, 203(19), p 2807-2829.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. F.L. Toma, A. Potthoff, L.M. Berger, and C. Leyens, Demands, Potentials, and Economic Aspects of Thermal Spraying with Suspensions: A Critical Review, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2015, 24(7), p 1143-1152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. P. Fauchais, M. Vardelle, S. Goutier, and A. Vardelle, Key Challenges and Opportunities in Suspension and Solution Plasma Spraying, Plasma Chem. Plasma Process., 2014, 35(3), p 511-525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. R. Musalek, J. Medricky, T. Tesar, J. Kotlan, Z. Pala, F. Lukac, T. Chraska, and N. Curry, Suspensions Plasma Spraying of Ceramics with Hybrid Water-Stabilized Plasma Technology, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2016, 26(1-2), p 37-46

    Google Scholar 

  23. T. Tesar, R. Musalek, J. Medricky, J. Kotlan, F. Lukac, Z. Pala, P. Ctibor, T. Chraska, S. Houdkova, V. Rimal, and N. Curry, Development of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Alumina Coatings With High Enthalpy Plasma Torch, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2017, 325, p 277-288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. J. Kotlan, Z. Pala, R. Musalek, and P. Ctibor, On Reactive Suspension Plasma Spraying of Calcium Titanate, Ceram. Int., 2016, 42(3), p 4607-4615

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. S.S.A. Abidi and Q. Murtaza, Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Powder Using Wet Chemical Precipitation Reaction, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2014, 30(4), p 307-310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. R. Jaworski, C. Pierlot, L. Pawlowski, M. Bigan, and M. Quivrin, Synthesis and Preliminary Tests of Suspension Plasma Spraying of Fine Hydroxyapatite Powder, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2008, 17(5-6), p 679-684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. R. Jaworski, L. Pawlowski, C. Pierlot, F. Roudet, S. Kozerski, and F. Petit, Recent Developments in Suspension Plasma Sprayed Titanium Oxide and Hydroxyapatite Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2010, 19(1-2), p 240-247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Kozerski, L. Pawlowski, R. Jaworski, F. Roudet, and F. Petit, Two Zones Microstructure of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 204(9-10), p 1380-1387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. R.T. Candidato, P. Sokolowski, L. Pawlowski, and A. Denoirjean, Preliminary Study of Hydroxyapatite Coatings Synthesis Using Solution Precursor Plasma Spraying, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, 277, p 242-250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Mejias, R.T. Candidato, L. Pawlowski, and D. Chicot, Mechanical Properties by Instrumented Indentation of Solution Precursor Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings: Analysis of Microstructural Effect, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016, 298, p 93-102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Cattini, D. Bellucci, A. Sola, L. Pawlowski, and V. Cannillo, Suspension Plasma Spraying of Optimised Functionally Graded Coatings of Bioactive Glass/Hydroxyapatite, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2013, 236, p 118-126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. A. Cattini, D. Bellucci, A. Sola, L. Pawlowski, and V. Cannillo, Microstructural Design of Functionally Graded Coatings Composed of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite and Bioactive Glass, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B: Appl. Biomater., 2013, 102(3), p 551-560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Y. Huang, L. Song, X. Liu, Y. Xiao, Y. Wu, J. Chen, F. Wu, and Z. Gu, Hydroxyapatite Coatings Deposited By Liquid Precursor Plasma Spraying: Controlled Dense and Porous Microstructures and Osteoblastic Cell Responses, Biofabrication, 2010, 2(4), p 045003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. S.T. Aruna, S. Kulkarni, M. Chakraborty, S.S. Kumar, N. Balaji, and C. Mandal, A Comparative Study on the Synthesis and Properties of Suspension and Solution Precursor Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings, Ceram. Int., 2017, 43(13), p 9715-9722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. M. Ueno, H. Miyamoto, M. Tsukamoto, S. Eto, I. Noda, T. Shobuike, T. Kobatake, M. Sonohata, and M. Mawatari, Silver-Containing Hydroxyapatite Coating Reduces Biofilm Formation By Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus In Vitro and In Vivo, BioMed. Res. Int., 2016, 2016, p 1-7

    Google Scholar 

  36. J.L. Clement and P.S. Jarrett, Antibacterial Silver, Met. Based Drugs, 1994, 1(5-6), p 467-482

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. L. Zhao and M.A. Ashraf, Influence of ag/HA Nanocomposite Coating on Biofilm Formation of Joint Prosthesis and Its Mechanism. West Indian Med. J., 2015, 64(5), p 506-513. https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2016.179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Y. Ghani, M.J. Coathup, K.A. Hing, and G.W. Blunn, Development of a Hydroxyapatite Coating Containing Silver for the Prevention of Peri-Prosthetic Infection, J. Orthop. Res., 2011, 30(3), p 356-363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. M. Miranda, A. Fernandez, M. Diaz, L. Esteban-Tejeda, S. Lopez-Esteban, F. Malpartida, R. Torrecillas, and J.S. Moya, Silver-Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites As Bactericidal and Fungicidal Materials, Int. J. Mater. Res., 2010, 101(1), p 122-127.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. F.A.C. Andrade, L.C.O. Vercik, F.J. Monteiro, and E.C.S. Rigo, Preparation, Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles-Hydroxyapatite Composites By a Simple and Eco-Friendly Method, Ceram. Int., 2016, 42(2), p 2271-2280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. X. Zhang, W. Chaimayo, C. Yang, J. Yao, B.L. Miller, and M.Z. Yates, Silver-Hydroxyapatite Composite Coatings with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activities Through Heat Treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2017, 325, p 39-45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. W. Chen, S. Oh, A.P. Ong, N. Oh, Y. Liu, H.S. Courtney, M. Appleford, and J.L. Ong, Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties of Silver-Containing Hydroxyapatite Coatings Produced Using a Sol Gel Process, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 2007, 82A(4), p 899-906

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. C. Fu, X. Zhang, K. Savino, P. Gabrys, Y. Gao, W. Chaimayo, B.L. Miller, and M.Z. Yates, Antimicrobial Silver-Hydroxyapatite Composite Coatings Through Two-Stage Electrochemical Synthesis, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016, 301, p 13-19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. N. Sanpo, M.L. Tan, P. Cheang, and K.A. Khor, Antibacterial Property of Cold-Sprayed HA–Ag/PEEK Coating, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2008, 18(1), p 10-15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. H.M. Rietveld, Line Profiles of Neutron Powder-Diffraction Peaks for Structure Refinement, Acta Cryst., 1967, 22, p 151-152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. B. Gonzalez, N. Calvar, E. Gomez, and A. Dominguez, Density, Dynamic Viscosity, and Derived Properties of Binary Mixtures of Methanol or Ethanol With Water, Ethyl Acetate, and Methyl Acetate at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15)K, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 2007, 39(12), p 1578-1588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. W.A. Dollase, Correction of Intensities for Preferred Orientation in Powder Diffractometry: Application of the March Model, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 1986, 19(4), p 267-272

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. L. Sun, C.C. Berndt, K.A. Gross, and A. Kucuk, Material Fundamentals and Clinical Performance of Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings: A Review, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 2001, 58(5), p 570-592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. G. Bolelli, D. Bellucci, V. Cannillo, L. Lusvarghi, A. Sola, N. Stiegler, P. Muller, A. Killinger, R. Gadow, L. Altomare, and L. de Nardo, Suspension Thermal Spraying of Hydroxyapatite: Microstructure and In Vitro Behaviour, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 34, 2014, p 287-303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. B. Zheng, Y. Luo, H. Liao, and C. Zhang, Investigation of the Crystallinity of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2017, 37(15), p 5017-5021

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. H. Xu, X. Geng, G. Liu, J. Xiao, D. Li, Y. Zhang, P. Zhu, and C. Zhang, Deposition, Nanostructure and Phase Composition of Suspension Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings, Ceram. Int., 2016, 42(7), p 8684-8690

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. R.T. Candidato, P. Sokolowski, L. Pawlowski, G. Lecomte-Nana, C. Constantinescu, and A. Denoirjean, Development of Hydroxyapatite Coatings by Solution Precursor Plasma Spray Process and Their Microstructural Characterization, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2017, 318, 39-49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. L. Latka, L. Pawlowski, D. Chicot, C. Pierlot, and F. Petit, Mechanical Properties of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings Submitted to Simulated Body Fluid, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 205(4), p 954-960

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The experimental study was supported through Czech Science Foundation grant GB14-36566G “Multidisciplinary research centre for advanced materials”.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Cizek.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cizek, J., Brozek, V., Chraska, T. et al. Silver-Doped Hydroxyapatite Coatings Deposited by Suspension Plasma Spraying. J Therm Spray Tech 27, 1333–1343 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-018-0767-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-018-0767-2

Keywords

Navigation