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Tomographic Particle Localization and Velocity Measurement

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Abstract

Wire arc spraying is one of the most common and elementary thermal spray processes. Due to its easy handling, high deposition rate, and relative low process costs, it is a frequently used coating technology for the production of wear and corrosion resistant coatings. In order to produce reliable and reproducible coatings, it is necessary to be able to control the coating process. This can be achieved by analyzing the parameters of the particles deposited. Essential for the coating quality are, for example, the velocity, the size, and the temperature of the particles. In this work, an innovative diagnostic for particle velocity and location determination is presented. By the use of several synchronized CMOS-Cameras positioned around the particle jet, a series of images from different directions is simultaneously taken. The images contain the information that is necessary to calculate the 3D-location-vector of the particles and finally with the help of the exposure time the trajectory can be determined. In this work, the experimental setup of the tomographic diagnostic is presented, the mathematical method of the reconstruction is explained, and first measured velocity distributions are shown.

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Abbreviations

v x , v y , and v z :

Velocity components

\(\vec{\upsilon}\) :

Particle trajectory

F P :

Particle trace surface

E C :

E-Coordinate of the center of area

z C :

z-Coordinate of the center of area

a :

Major axis of an ellipse

b :

Minor axis of an ellipse

ε:

Angle between the E-axis and the major axis of the ellipse

i :

Number of camera

φ i :

Angle of camera i

D :

Particle diameter

L :

Covered distance in the Ez-plane

dz :

Covered distance in z-direction

P S :

Start point of a particle trace

P E :

End point of a particle trace

E S :

E-Coordinate of the start point

E E :

E-Coordinate of the end point

z S :

z-Coordinate of the start point

z E :

z-Coordinate of the end point

N :

Number of measurement points

A :

Amplitude of the sinus wave

P :

Phase of the sinus wave

K 1, K 2 :

Parameters of the lineraized function

R :

Square error

x S , y S , z S :

Coordinates of the start point

x E , y E , z E :

Coordinates of the end point

M :

Scale

t B :

Exposure time

T :

Temperature of the particle surface

λ1, λ2 :

Wavelengths of the interference filters

C 2 :

Second Planck constant

Q :

Ratio of the two corresponding pictures taken at different wavelengths

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LPT, Universitaet der Bundeswehr Muenchen, Neubiberg, Munich, Germany

    S. Kirner, G. Forster & J. Schein

Authors
  1. S. Kirner
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  2. G. Forster
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  3. J. Schein
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Kirner.

Additional information

This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2014 International Thermal Spray Conference, held May 21-23, 2014, in Barcelona, Spain, and has been expanded from the original presentation.

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Kirner, S., Forster, G. & Schein, J. Tomographic Particle Localization and Velocity Measurement. J Therm Spray Tech 24, 38–45 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-014-0157-3

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