Abstract
Manganese cobalt oxide spinel doped with Fe2O3 was studied as a protective coating on ferritic stainless steel interconnects. Chromium alloying causes problems at high operation temperatures in such oxidizing conditions where chromium compounds evaporate and poison the cathode active area, causing the degradation of the solid oxide fuel cell. In order to prevent chromium evaporation, these interconnectors need a protective coating to block the chromium evaporation and to maintain an adequate electrical conductivity. Thermal spraying is regarded as a promising way to produce dense and protective layers. In the present work, the ceramic Mn-Co-Fe oxide spinel coatings were produced by using the atmospheric plasma spray process. Coatings with low thickness and low amount of porosity were produced by optimizing deposition conditions. The original spinel structure decomposed because of the fast transformation of solid-liquid-solid states but was partially restored by using post-annealing treatment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Jeffrey and W. Fergus, Lanthanum Chromite-Based Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnects, Solid State Ion., 2004, 171, p 1-15
W.Z. Zhu and S.C. Deevi, Development of Interconnect Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Mater. Sci. Eng., 2003, A348, p 227-243
H. Kurokawa, P.Y. Hou, X. Chen, C. Jacobson, L. DeJonghe, and S.J. Visco, Effect of Protective Coatings for Alloy Interconnect on Oxidation and Cr Vaporization, Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 1, Materials and Systems, 2006, p 208-216
W.Z. Zhu and S.C. Deevi, Opportunity of Metallic Interconnects for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Status on Contact Resistance, Mater. Res. Bull., 2003, 38, p 957-972
J.W. Fergus, Metallic Interconnects for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Mater. Sci. Eng., 2005, 397, p 271-283
F. Chen, E. Sun, J. Yamanis, J. Hawkes, J. Smeggil, S. Warrier, and J.-W Kim, Cr Poisoning Effect for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 1, Materials and Systems, 2006
J.Y. Kim, N.L. Canfield, L.A. Chick, K.D. Meinhardt, and V.L. Sprenkle, Chromium Poisoning Effects on Various Cathodes, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 2008, 26(4), p 129-138
H.W. Nie, T.L. Wen, and H.Y. Tu, Protection Coatings for Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnect Prepared by Plasma Spraying, Mater. Res. Bull., 2003, 38, p 1531-1536
J. Lagerbom, U. Kanerva, A.-P. Nikkilä, T. Varis, M. Kylmälahti, and P. Vuoristo, Phase Stability and Structure of Conductive Perovskite Ceramic Coatings by Thermal Spraying, Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference, 2-4 June 2008 (Maastricht), CD-ROM
F. Changjing, S. Kening, and Z. Derui, Effects of La0.8Sr0.2Mn(Fe)O3 Protective Coatings on SOFC Metallic Interconnects, J. Rare Earths, 2006, 24, p 320-326
D.P. Lim, D.S. Lum, J.S. Oh, and I.W. Lyo, Influence of Post-Treatment on the Contact Resistance of Plasma-Sprayed La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 Coatings on SOFC Metallic Interconnector, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2005, 200, p 1248-1251
Y. Larring and T. Norby, Spinel and Perovskite Functional Layers Between Plansee Metallic Interconnect (Cr-5 wt% Fe-1 wt% Y2O3) and Ceramic (La0.85Sr0.15)0.91MnO3 Cathode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2000, 47(9), p 3251-3256
E. Garcia and T.W Coyle, Thermal Spray Deposition of Fuel Cell Interconnect Material, Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference, 15-18 May 2006 (Seattle), CD-ROM
S.D. Park, S. Kumar, S.C. Lee, and C. Lee, Effects of Silver Addition on Mechanical Properties of Plasma Sprayed SOFC Interconnect Layer, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2008, 17, p 708-714
S.Y. Hwang, J.H. Kim, B.G. Seong, and H. Yang, SOFC Interconnect Coating Using HVOF Process, Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference, 15-18 May 2006 (Seattle), CD-ROM
R.H. Henne, T. Franco, and R. Ruckdäschel, High Velocity DC-VPS for Diffusion Protecting Barrier Layer in SOFCs, Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference, 15-18 May 2006 (Seattle), CD-ROM
K. Fujita, K. Ogasawara, Y. Matsuzaki, and T. Sakarai, Prevention of SOFC Cathode Degradation in Contact with Cr-Containing Alloy, J. Power Sources, 2004, 131, p 261-269
W.J. Quadakkers, H. Greiner, M. Hänsel, A. Pattanaik, A.S. Khanna, and W. Malléner, Compatibility of Perovskite Contact Layers Between Cathode and Metallic Interconnector Plates of SOFCs, Solid State Ion., 1996, 91, p 66-67
Z. Yang, G. Xia, and J.W. Stevenson, Mn1.5Co1.5O4 Spinel Protection Layers on Ferritic Stainless Steels for SOFC Interconnect Applications, Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 2005, 8(3), p 168-170
X. Chen, P.Y. Hou, C.P. Jacobson, S.T. Visco, and L.C. De Jonghe, Protective Coatings on Stainless Steel Interconnect for SOFCs: Oxidation Kinetics and Electrical Properties, Solid State Ion., 2005, 176, p 425-433
Z. Yang, G.-G. Xia, X.-H. Li, and J.W. Stevenson (Mn, Co)3O4 Spinel Coatings on Ferritic Stainless Steels for SOFC Interconnect Applications, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32, p 3648-3654
T. Kiefer, M. Zahid, F. Tietz, D. Stöver, and H.-R. Zerfass, Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Expansion Coefficients of Spinel in the Series MnCo2-xFexO4 for Application as a Protective Layer in SOFC, Proceedings of the 26th Riso International Symposium on Materials Science, Denmark, Roskilde, 2005
P.E. Gannona, V.I. Gorokhovsky, M.C. Deibert, R.J. Smith, A. Kayani, P.T. White, S. Sofie, Z. Yang, D. McCready, S. Visco, C. Jacobson, and H. Kurokawa, Enabling Inexpensive Metallic Alloys as SOFC Interconnects: An Investigation into Hybrid Coating Technologies to Deposit Nanocomposite Functional Coatings on Ferritic Stainless Steels, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32, p 3672-3681
J. Wu, Y. Jiang, C. Johnson, and X. Liu, DC Electrodeposition of Mn-Co Alloys on Stainless Steels for SOFC Interconnect Application, J. Power Sources, 2008, 177, p 376-385
Material Data Sheet No. 4046 for Crofer 22 APU, ThyssenKrupp VDM
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Tekes—the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation and a group of industrial partners of the SofcPower project for financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2010 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Thermal Spray: Global Solutions for Future Applications, Proceedings of the 2010 International Thermal Spray Conference, Singapore, May 3-5, 2010, Basil R. Marple, Arvind Agarwal, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2011.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Puranen, J., Lagerbom, J., Hyvärinen, L. et al. The Structure and Properties of Plasma Sprayed Iron Oxide Doped Manganese Cobalt Oxide Spinel Coatings for SOFC Metallic Interconnectors. J Therm Spray Tech 20, 154–159 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-010-9598-5
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-010-9598-5