Abstract
Cold spraying enables to produce metallic coatings with low porosity level and low oxygen content. Several material properties such as electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance rely on these properties. Aim of this study was to characterize microstructural properties of cold sprayed copper, nickel, and nickel-30%copper coatings. Microstructures, denseness, and deformation of particles were investigated. SEM analysis and corrosion tests were done to get information of through-porosity. Open porosity has an important role on protectiveness of anodically protective coatings, such coating materials like copper and nickel. In this study, cold-sprayed Cu coating was fully dense. However, cold-sprayed Ni and Ni-30%Cu coatings seemed to be microstructurally dense but some porosity in some areas of the coatings especially in some parts of particle boundaries was noticed after corrosion tests. Furthermore, effect of annealing to microstructure and corrosion test behavior was studied. Cold sprayed Ni coating became denser during heat treatment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. Stoltenhoff, H. Kreye, H.J. Richter, An Analysis of the Cold Spray Process and its Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2001, 11(4), p 542-550
T.H. Van Steenkiste, J.R. Smith, R.E. Teets, Aluminum Coatings via Kinetic Spray with Relatively Large Powder Particles, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2002, 154, p 237-252
R.C. Dykhuizen, M.F. Smith, Gas Dynamic Principles of Cold Spray, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1998, 7(2), p 205-212
C. Borchers, F. Gärtner, T. Stoltenhoff, H. Assadi, H. Kreye, Microstructural and Macroscopic Properties of Cold Sprayed Copper Coatings, J. Appl. Phys., 2003, 93(12), p 10064-10070
E. Calla, D. G. McGartney, and P.H. Shipway, Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Cold Sprayed Copper, Thermal Spray 2005: Explore its Surfacing Potential!, ASM International, May 2-4, 2005 (Basel, Switzerland), ASM International, 2005
K. Balani, T. Laha, A. Agarwal, J. Karthikeyan, N. Munroe, Effect of Carrier Gases on Microstructural and Electrochemical Behavior of Cold-sprayed 1100 Aluminum Coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2005, 195, p 272-279
R. E. Blose, D. Vasquez, and W. Kratochvil, Metal Passivation to Resist Corrosion using the Cold Spray Process, Thermal Spray 2005: Explore Its Surfacing Potential!, ASM International, May 2-4, 2005 (Basel, Switzerland), ASM International, 2005
“Standard Test Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing,” B117-90, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM, p 19-25
T. Stoltenhoff, C. Borchers, F. Gärtner, H. Kreye, Microstructures and Key Properties of Cold-sprayed and Thermally Sprayed Copper Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 200, p 4947-4960
W. D. Callister, Materials Science and Engineering, 5th ed, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2000, 871 p
J. Lagerbom, H. Mäkinen, and P. Vuoristo, Effect of Heat Treatment on Properties of Cold Sprayed Coatings, Thermal Spray 2005: Explore Its Surfacing Potential!, ASM International, May 2-4, 2005 (Basel, Switzerland), ASM International, 2005
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Mr. Werner Krömmer from Linde AG Gas for spraying coatings and for valuable discussions. The work in which this study was done was funded by The National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes) and some Finnish industrial companies.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Koivuluoto, H., Lagerbom, J. & Vuoristo, P. Microstructural Studies of Cold Sprayed Copper, Nickel, and Nickel-30% Copper Coatings. J Therm Spray Tech 16, 488–497 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-007-9060-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-007-9060-5