Abstract
Microwave sintering (MS) technology is used to fabricate UNS R56320 (Ti-3Al-2.5V)-xWC composite at 1200 °C. In the matrix, tungsten carbide (WC) is reinforced with various weight percentages of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. A field emission scanning electron microscope is used to characterize the composites (FE-SEM). X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the composites’ phase analysis (XRD). Microstructure, wear at high temperatures, and corrosion behavior are evaluated. For the composites at different temperatures of 30 °C, 50 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C, and 200 °C, the high-temperature wear is examined. The outcomes show improvements in the behaviors of corrosion and wear at high temperatures. TAFEL polarization is used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the composites in a neutral chloride solution (3.5% NaCl). The composite material UNS R56320-2WC has a maximum wear rate of 0.49 × 10−3 mm3/m and a coefficient of friction of 0.50. A higher level of corrosion resistance than other composites is also possessed by UNS R56320-2WC composite.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M.K. Gupta, P. Niesłony, M. Sarikaya, M.E. Korkmaz, M. Kuntoğlu, G.M. Królczyk and M. Jamil, Tool Wear Patterns, and Their Promoting Mechanisms in Hybrid Cooling Assisted Machining of Titanium Ti-3Al-2.5V/grade 9 Alloy, Tribol. Int., 2022, 174, p 107773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2022.107773
A. Arun, P. Lakshmanan, K. Parthiban, G. Kumanan, and L. Arunkumar, Experimental Study on Laser Surface Texturing and wear Characterization of Titanium Alloy, Mater. Today Proc., 2022, 62, p 615–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.621
P. Balasundar, S. Senthil, P. Narayanasamy, and T. Ramkumar, Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Microwave-Sintered Ti0.8Ni–0.3Mo/TiB Composites, Ceram. Int. Int., 2023, 49, p 6055–6062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.11.085
H. Hirai, H. Kurita, S. Gourdet, K. Fujita, K. Nakazawa, and S. Kikuchi, Effect of TiB Orientation on Four-Point Bending Fatigue Properties of TiB-Reinforced Ti-3Al-2.5V Alloy Treated with Heat Extrusion, Eng. Fract. Mech., 2020, 238, p 107284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.107284
W. Wang, L. Yuan, Y. Li, M. Yang, H. Zhang, and W. Zhang, Test Method for Residual Stress Analysis of the Inner Surface of Small Caliber Ti-3Al-2.5V Tubing by X-ray Diffraction, Vacuum, 2020, 177, p 109371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109371
L. Bolzoni, E.M. Ruiz-Navas, and E. Gordo, Influence of Vacuum Hot-Pressing Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-3Al-2.5V alloy Obtained by Blended Elemental and Master Alloy Addition Powders, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2012, 137, p 608–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.10.010
L. Bolzoni, E.M. Ruiz-Navas, and E. Gordo, Influence of Sintering Parameters on the Properties of Powder Metallurgy Ti-3Al-2.5V Alloy, Mater Charact, 2013, 84, p 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.07.009
T.S. Srivatsan, M. Kuruvilla, and L. Park, A Study at Understanding the Mechanisms Governing the High Cycle Fatigue and Final Fracture Behavior of the Titanium Alloy: Ti-4Al-2.5V, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527, p 435–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.09.012
P. Yang, R. Wang, F. Hanguang, R. Absi, R. Bennacer, X. Yang, and P. La, Wear Properties of Titanium Microalloying Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron and Refining Mechanism of TiC on M3C, Wear, 2023, 516, p 204603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2022.204603
M. Marousi, X. Rimpault, S. Turenne, and M. Balazinski, Initial Tool Wear and Process Monitoring During Titanium Metal Matrix Composite Machining (TiMMC), J. Manuf. Process., 2023, 86, p 208–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.12.047
R. Thulasiram, S. Mani, M. Murugesan, and C. Palanisamy, Gobi Saravanan Kaliaraj, Effect of TiB Addition on Corrosion Behavior of Titanium Composites Under Neutral Chloride Solution, Trans. Indian Ceram. Soc., 2019, 78, p 155–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/0371750X.2019.1656548
Y. Yang, Y. Qin, Yi. Yang, Wu. Mingxia, and G. Yang, Enhancing the Wear Resistance of a Cemented Carbide/Titanium Alloy Under Magnetofluid Lubrication Via the Magnetic Response, Wear, 2022, 500, p 204370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2022.204370
K. Monisha, S.M. Shariff, R. Raju, J. Manonmani, and S. Jayaraman, Titanium Boride and Titanium Silicide Phase Formation by High Power Diode Laser alloYing of B4C and SiC Particles with Ti: Microstructure, Hardness and Wear Studies, Mater. Today Commun., 2022, 31, p 103741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103741
H. Tan, Q. Sun, W. Chen, S. Zhu, J. Cheng, and J. Yang, Tribological Performance and Wear Mechanisms of a High-Temperature Wear-Resistant Al-Si/SiAlON Composite, Tribol. Int., 2021, 164, p 107227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107227
C. Zhou, Z. Ren, Y. Lin, Z. Huang, Yu. Linwei Shi, and J.M. Yang, Hysteresis Dynamic Model of Metal Rubber Based on Higher-Order Nonlinear Friction (HNF), Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 2023, 189, p 110117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2023.110117
C. Yang, C. Yin, Wu. Yuzhong, Q. Zhou, and X. Liu, Atomic Insights into the Deformation Mechanism of an Amorphous Wrapped Nanolamellar Heterostructure and its EFfect On Self-Lubrication, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2023, 26, p 4206–4218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.08.215
P. Muthusamy, M. Mohanraj, T. Ramkumar, and M. Selvakumar, Effect of Microwave Sintering on the Microstructure and Tribological Behavior of Ti-3Al-2.5 V-xWC Composite, Tribol. Int., 2022, 174, p 107714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2022.107714
N. Selvakumar and T. Ramkumar, Effects of High Temperature Wear Behaviour of Sintered Ti–6Al–4V Reinforced with Nano B4C Particle, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 2016, 69, p 1267–1276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-015-0681-y
Di. Wang, S.-S. Lin, Lu. Jin-de, S.-q Huang, Z.-f Yin, H.-Z. Yang, P.-Y. Bian, Y.-L. Zhang, M.-J. Dai, and K.-S. Zhou, Research on High Temperature Wear Resistance Mechanism of CrN/CrAlN Multilayer Coatings, Tribol. Int., 2023, 180, p 108184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2022.108184
W. Jiang, S. Wang, Y. Deng, and X. Guo, Microstructure Stability and High Temperature Wear Behavior of an Austenite Aging Steel Coating by Laser Cladding, Mater Charact, 2022, 184, p 111700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111700
R.R. Mishra and A.K. Sharma, Microwave-Material Interaction Phenomena: Heating Mechanisms, Challenges and Opportunities in Material Processing, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 2016, 81, p 78–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.10.035
M. Varga, H. Winkelmann, and E. Badisch, Impact of Microstructure on High Temperature wear Resistance, Procedia Eng., 2011, 10, p 1291–1296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.215
X. Wang, Q. Deyi, Y. Duan, and M. Peng, Wear and Corrosion Properties of a B-Al Composite Layer on Pure Titanium, Ceram. Int., 2022, 48, p 12038–12047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.01.061
Yu. Ting and H. Tang, Microstructure and High-Temperature Wear Behavior of Laser Clad TaC-Reinforced Ni-Al-Cr Coating, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2022, 592, p 153263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153263
Z.H. Fu, B.J. Yang, M.L. Shan, T. Li, Z.Y. Zhu, C.P. Ma, X. Zhang, G.Q. Gou, Z.R. Wang, and W. Gao, Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of SUS301L-MT Stainless Steel Laser-arc Hybrid Welded Joint Localized Zones, Corros. Sci., 2020, 164, p 108337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108337
N.X. Wang, Y.S. Wang, K. Zheng, J.Q. Zhi, B. Zhou, Y.X. Wu, Y.P. Xue, Y. Ma, F. Cheng, J. Gao, H.J. Hei, X.M. Wang, and S.W. Yu, Achieving CVD Diamond Films on Mo0.5(TiZrTaW)0.5 Highly Concentrated Alloy for Ultrastrong Corrosion Resistance, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2023, 466, p 129620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129620
D. Liao, S.-P. Zhu, B. Keshtegar, G. Qian, and Q. Wang, Probabilistic Framework for Fatigue Life Assessment of Notched Components Under Size Effects, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2020, 181, p 105685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105685
Bo. Meng, J. Wang, M. Chen, S. Zhu, and F. Wang, Study on the Oxidation Behavior of a Novel Thermal Barrier Coating System Using the Nanocrystalline Coating as Bonding Coating on the Single-Crystal Superalloy, Corros. Sci., 2023, 225, p 111591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111591
J.X. Fang, G.Z. Ma, H.L. Tian, S.B. Li, H.S. Huang, Y. Liu, Y.L. Jiang, and B. Liu, Transformation-Induced Strain of a Low Transformation Temperature Alloy with High Hardness During Laser Metal Deposition, J. Manuf. Process., 2021, 68, p 1585–1595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.06.066
Y. Chen, Y.X. Xu, H. Zhang, Q. Wang, T. Wei, F. Zhang, and K.H. Kim, Improving High-Temperature Wear Resistance of Arc-Evaporated AlCrN Coatings by Mo Alloying, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2023, 456, p 129253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129253
H. Liu, Q. Gao, J. Dai, P. Chen, W. Gao, J. Hao, and H. Yang, Microstructure and High-Temperature Wear Behavior of CoCrFeNiWx High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated by Laser Cladding, Tribol. Int., 2022, 172, p 107574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2022.107574
L. Ma, S. Ding, C. Zhang, Y.Z. Huang, and X. Zhang, Study on the Wear Performance of High-Speed Railway Brake Materials at Low Temperatures Under Continuous Braking Conditions, Wear, 2023, 512, p 204556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2022.204556
X. Tang, S. Shen, G. Chen, and T. Tao, High Temperature Wear Resistance of Tungsten Carbide Particle Reinforced Intermetallic Compound Matrix Composite by in-Situ Thermite Reaction, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2022, 19, p 4171–4176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.06.133
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Muthusamy, P., Mohanraj, M., Ramkumar, T. et al. Microstructure, High-Temperature Wear, and Corrosion Behaviors of UNS R56320-xWC Composite Fabricated through Powder Metallurgy. J. of Materi Eng and Perform (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09415-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09415-5