Skip to main content
Log in

Microstructure, High-Temperature Wear, and Corrosion Behaviors of UNS R56320-xWC Composite Fabricated through Powder Metallurgy

  • Original Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Microwave sintering (MS) technology is used to fabricate UNS R56320 (Ti-3Al-2.5V)-xWC composite at 1200 °C. In the matrix, tungsten carbide (WC) is reinforced with various weight percentages of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. A field emission scanning electron microscope is used to characterize the composites (FE-SEM). X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the composites’ phase analysis (XRD). Microstructure, wear at high temperatures, and corrosion behavior are evaluated. For the composites at different temperatures of 30 °C, 50 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C, and 200 °C, the high-temperature wear is examined. The outcomes show improvements in the behaviors of corrosion and wear at high temperatures. TAFEL polarization is used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the composites in a neutral chloride solution (3.5% NaCl). The composite material UNS R56320-2WC has a maximum wear rate of 0.49 × 10−3 mm3/m and a coefficient of friction of 0.50. A higher level of corrosion resistance than other composites is also possessed by UNS R56320-2WC composite.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M.K. Gupta, P. Niesłony, M. Sarikaya, M.E. Korkmaz, M. Kuntoğlu, G.M. Królczyk and M. Jamil, Tool Wear Patterns, and Their Promoting Mechanisms in Hybrid Cooling Assisted Machining of Titanium Ti-3Al-2.5V/grade 9 Alloy, Tribol. Int., 2022, 174, p 107773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2022.107773

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Arun, P. Lakshmanan, K. Parthiban, G. Kumanan, and L. Arunkumar, Experimental Study on Laser Surface Texturing and wear Characterization of Titanium Alloy, Mater. Today Proc., 2022, 62, p 615–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.621

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. P. Balasundar, S. Senthil, P. Narayanasamy, and T. Ramkumar, Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Microwave-Sintered Ti0.8Ni–0.3Mo/TiB Composites, Ceram. Int. Int., 2023, 49, p 6055–6062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.11.085

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Hirai, H. Kurita, S. Gourdet, K. Fujita, K. Nakazawa, and S. Kikuchi, Effect of TiB Orientation on Four-Point Bending Fatigue Properties of TiB-Reinforced Ti-3Al-2.5V Alloy Treated with Heat Extrusion, Eng. Fract. Mech., 2020, 238, p 107284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.107284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. W. Wang, L. Yuan, Y. Li, M. Yang, H. Zhang, and W. Zhang, Test Method for Residual Stress Analysis of the Inner Surface of Small Caliber Ti-3Al-2.5V Tubing by X-ray Diffraction, Vacuum, 2020, 177, p 109371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. L. Bolzoni, E.M. Ruiz-Navas, and E. Gordo, Influence of Vacuum Hot-Pressing Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-3Al-2.5V alloy Obtained by Blended Elemental and Master Alloy Addition Powders, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2012, 137, p 608–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.10.010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. Bolzoni, E.M. Ruiz-Navas, and E. Gordo, Influence of Sintering Parameters on the Properties of Powder Metallurgy Ti-3Al-2.5V Alloy, Mater Charact, 2013, 84, p 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2013.07.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. T.S. Srivatsan, M. Kuruvilla, and L. Park, A Study at Understanding the Mechanisms Governing the High Cycle Fatigue and Final Fracture Behavior of the Titanium Alloy: Ti-4Al-2.5V, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527, p 435–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.09.012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. P. Yang, R. Wang, F. Hanguang, R. Absi, R. Bennacer, X. Yang, and P. La, Wear Properties of Titanium Microalloying Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron and Refining Mechanism of TiC on M3C, Wear, 2023, 516, p 204603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2022.204603

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Marousi, X. Rimpault, S. Turenne, and M. Balazinski, Initial Tool Wear and Process Monitoring During Titanium Metal Matrix Composite Machining (TiMMC), J. Manuf. Process., 2023, 86, p 208–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.12.047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R. Thulasiram, S. Mani, M. Murugesan, and C. Palanisamy, Gobi Saravanan Kaliaraj, Effect of TiB Addition on Corrosion Behavior of Titanium Composites Under Neutral Chloride Solution, Trans. Indian Ceram. Soc., 2019, 78, p 155–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/0371750X.2019.1656548

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Yang, Y. Qin, Yi. Yang, Wu. Mingxia, and G. Yang, Enhancing the Wear Resistance of a Cemented Carbide/Titanium Alloy Under Magnetofluid Lubrication Via the Magnetic Response, Wear, 2022, 500, p 204370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2022.204370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. K. Monisha, S.M. Shariff, R. Raju, J. Manonmani, and S. Jayaraman, Titanium Boride and Titanium Silicide Phase Formation by High Power Diode Laser alloYing of B4C and SiC Particles with Ti: Microstructure, Hardness and Wear Studies, Mater. Today Commun., 2022, 31, p 103741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. H. Tan, Q. Sun, W. Chen, S. Zhu, J. Cheng, and J. Yang, Tribological Performance and Wear Mechanisms of a High-Temperature Wear-Resistant Al-Si/SiAlON Composite, Tribol. Int., 2021, 164, p 107227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. C. Zhou, Z. Ren, Y. Lin, Z. Huang, Yu. Linwei Shi, and J.M. Yang, Hysteresis Dynamic Model of Metal Rubber Based on Higher-Order Nonlinear Friction (HNF), Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 2023, 189, p 110117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2023.110117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. C. Yang, C. Yin, Wu. Yuzhong, Q. Zhou, and X. Liu, Atomic Insights into the Deformation Mechanism of an Amorphous Wrapped Nanolamellar Heterostructure and its EFfect On Self-Lubrication, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2023, 26, p 4206–4218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.08.215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. P. Muthusamy, M. Mohanraj, T. Ramkumar, and M. Selvakumar, Effect of Microwave Sintering on the Microstructure and Tribological Behavior of Ti-3Al-2.5 V-xWC Composite, Tribol. Int., 2022, 174, p 107714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2022.107714

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. N. Selvakumar and T. Ramkumar, Effects of High Temperature Wear Behaviour of Sintered Ti–6Al–4V Reinforced with Nano B4C Particle, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 2016, 69, p 1267–1276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-015-0681-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Di. Wang, S.-S. Lin, Lu. Jin-de, S.-q Huang, Z.-f Yin, H.-Z. Yang, P.-Y. Bian, Y.-L. Zhang, M.-J. Dai, and K.-S. Zhou, Research on High Temperature Wear Resistance Mechanism of CrN/CrAlN Multilayer Coatings, Tribol. Int., 2023, 180, p 108184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2022.108184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. W. Jiang, S. Wang, Y. Deng, and X. Guo, Microstructure Stability and High Temperature Wear Behavior of an Austenite Aging Steel Coating by Laser Cladding, Mater Charact, 2022, 184, p 111700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111700

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. R.R. Mishra and A.K. Sharma, Microwave-Material Interaction Phenomena: Heating Mechanisms, Challenges and Opportunities in Material Processing, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 2016, 81, p 78–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.10.035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Varga, H. Winkelmann, and E. Badisch, Impact of Microstructure on High Temperature wear Resistance, Procedia Eng., 2011, 10, p 1291–1296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. X. Wang, Q. Deyi, Y. Duan, and M. Peng, Wear and Corrosion Properties of a B-Al Composite Layer on Pure Titanium, Ceram. Int., 2022, 48, p 12038–12047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.01.061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Yu. Ting and H. Tang, Microstructure and High-Temperature Wear Behavior of Laser Clad TaC-Reinforced Ni-Al-Cr Coating, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2022, 592, p 153263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.153263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Z.H. Fu, B.J. Yang, M.L. Shan, T. Li, Z.Y. Zhu, C.P. Ma, X. Zhang, G.Q. Gou, Z.R. Wang, and W. Gao, Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of SUS301L-MT Stainless Steel Laser-arc Hybrid Welded Joint Localized Zones, Corros. Sci., 2020, 164, p 108337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. N.X. Wang, Y.S. Wang, K. Zheng, J.Q. Zhi, B. Zhou, Y.X. Wu, Y.P. Xue, Y. Ma, F. Cheng, J. Gao, H.J. Hei, X.M. Wang, and S.W. Yu, Achieving CVD Diamond Films on Mo0.5(TiZrTaW)0.5 Highly Concentrated Alloy for Ultrastrong Corrosion Resistance, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2023, 466, p 129620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. D. Liao, S.-P. Zhu, B. Keshtegar, G. Qian, and Q. Wang, Probabilistic Framework for Fatigue Life Assessment of Notched Components Under Size Effects, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2020, 181, p 105685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Bo. Meng, J. Wang, M. Chen, S. Zhu, and F. Wang, Study on the Oxidation Behavior of a Novel Thermal Barrier Coating System Using the Nanocrystalline Coating as Bonding Coating on the Single-Crystal Superalloy, Corros. Sci., 2023, 225, p 111591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. J.X. Fang, G.Z. Ma, H.L. Tian, S.B. Li, H.S. Huang, Y. Liu, Y.L. Jiang, and B. Liu, Transformation-Induced Strain of a Low Transformation Temperature Alloy with High Hardness During Laser Metal Deposition, J. Manuf. Process., 2021, 68, p 1585–1595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.06.066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Chen, Y.X. Xu, H. Zhang, Q. Wang, T. Wei, F. Zhang, and K.H. Kim, Improving High-Temperature Wear Resistance of Arc-Evaporated AlCrN Coatings by Mo Alloying, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2023, 456, p 129253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Liu, Q. Gao, J. Dai, P. Chen, W. Gao, J. Hao, and H. Yang, Microstructure and High-Temperature Wear Behavior of CoCrFeNiWx High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Fabricated by Laser Cladding, Tribol. Int., 2022, 172, p 107574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2022.107574

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. L. Ma, S. Ding, C. Zhang, Y.Z. Huang, and X. Zhang, Study on the Wear Performance of High-Speed Railway Brake Materials at Low Temperatures Under Continuous Braking Conditions, Wear, 2023, 512, p 204556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2022.204556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. X. Tang, S. Shen, G. Chen, and T. Tao, High Temperature Wear Resistance of Tungsten Carbide Particle Reinforced Intermetallic Compound Matrix Composite by in-Situ Thermite Reaction, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2022, 19, p 4171–4176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.06.133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Ramkumar.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Muthusamy, P., Mohanraj, M., Ramkumar, T. et al. Microstructure, High-Temperature Wear, and Corrosion Behaviors of UNS R56320-xWC Composite Fabricated through Powder Metallurgy. J. of Materi Eng and Perform (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09415-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09415-5

Keywords

Navigation