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The Impact of Hybrid Flame Retardant Compositions on the Performance of Foamed Flexible Polyurethane/Ground Tire Rubber Composites

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Abstract

Current sustainability-oriented trends affect polyurethane (PU) materials and stimulate the incorporation of recycled or waste-based materials as fillers. Ground tire rubber (GTR) poses as an auspicious candidate due to the excellent performance of car tires. Despite the benefits related to the mechanical performance, it contributes to the increasing flammability of the resulting composites. Herein, presented work assessed the impact of hybrid flame retardant (FR) combinations of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) or melamine cyanurate (MC) with organophosphorus compounds on the performance of foamed flexible PU/GTR composites. Such works are of vital importance, because matching to the needs of material with the mode of action of particular FRs is quite challenging. Except for the flammability reduction, they also affect structure and performance of composites. Fire resistance was enhanced for all applied FRs compositions; however, APP was found more effective than MC due to the efficient formation of protective char layer. Moreover, introduction of MC induced heterogeneity of cellular structure and excessive stiffening of PU structure, which increased its friability and cells’ coalescence, deteriorating thermal insulation performance and damping ability.

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Data Availability

The data were produced as a result of studies carried out in the university laboratory. Those who want to get information should contact the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Center for Research and Development (NCBR, Poland) in the frame of LIDER/3/0013/L-10/18/NCBR/2019 project: Development of technology for the manufacturing of foamed polyurethane-rubber composites for the use as damping materials. The support of Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland in the frame of the grant for education executed under the subject of No 0613/SBAD/4820 is gratefully acknowledged.

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Author notes

  1. Aleksander Hejna

    Present address: Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138, Poznan, Poland

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland

    Paulina Kosmela, Adam Olszewski & Aleksander Hejna

  2. Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138, Poznan, Poland

    Mateusz Barczewski

  3. Institute of Materials Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 24, 60-965, Poznan, Poland

    Adam Piasecki

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Conceptualization was contributed by AH, PK; methodology was contributed by PK, MB, AP; formal analysis was contributed by PK, MB, AH; investigation was contributed by PK, AO, MB, AP, AH; writing—original draft preparation, was contributed by AH; writing—review and editing, was contributed by PK, MB, AH; funding acquisition was contributed by MB, AH; resources was contributed by PK, AH; visualization was contributed by AH; project administration was contributed by PK, AH; supervision was contributed by PK, AH.

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Correspondence to Aleksander Hejna.

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Kosmela, P., Olszewski, A., Barczewski, M. et al. The Impact of Hybrid Flame Retardant Compositions on the Performance of Foamed Flexible Polyurethane/Ground Tire Rubber Composites. J. of Materi Eng and Perform (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09362-1

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