Abstract
One of the promising methods to produce a hard and wear-resistant coating on metallic surfaces is through electro-spark deposition (ESD). Electro-spark deposition is a micro-welding process based on the principle of depositing the electrode material on the surface by means of the microarc formation created by pulsed electric currents, which enables coatings to be bonded metallurgically to the substrate and exhibiting better adhesion properties compared to some of the traditional methods. In order to improve the wear properties of AISI 1040 and 4140 steels, Ni, WC and M42 steels single coatings and Ni + WC and Ni + M42 steel dual coatings were deposited using ESD. The structural and microstructural properties of the coating layers and the matrix steels were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). W2C, Fe-γ and Fe-α phases were detected in the coatings obtained from XRD analysis. The coating layer thicknesses ranged from 64 to 86 µm. The surface hardness of all steels in this study increased with the coatings, and the wear resistance improved approximately between 150 and 300%.Journal instruction requires a city and country for affiliations; however, these are missing in affiliation [1]. Please verify if the provided city and country are correct and amend if necessary.TruePlease check the edit made in the article title.True
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y. Kayali, A. Büyüksağiş, and Y. Yalçin, Corrosion and Wear Behaviors of Boronized AISI 316L Stainless Steel, Met. Mater. Int., 2013, 19(5), p 1053–1061
Y. Kayali and Ş Talaş, Investigation on Wear Behavior of Steels Coated with WC by ESD Technique, Protect Met Phys Chem Surf, 2021, 57, p 106–112
Y. Kayali, A. Günen, and E. Kanca, Effect of Boronizing on Microstructure, High-Temperature Wear and Corrosion Behavior of additive Manufactured INCONEL 718, Mater CharactCharact, 2022, 191, p 112155
K. Korkmaz, Investigation and, Characterization of Electrospark Deposited Chromium Carbide-Based Coating on the Steel, Surf. Coatings Technol., 2015, 272, p 1–7
J.L. Reynolds, R.L. Holdren, and L.E. Brown, Electro-Spark Deposition, Adv. Mater. Process., 2003, 161(3), p 35–37
R.N. Johnson and G.L. Sheldon, Advances in the Electrospark Deposition Coating Process, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 1986, 4(6), p 2740–2746
P.Z. Wang, G.S. Pan, Y. Zhou, J.X. Qu, and H.S. Shao, Accelerated Electrospark Deposition and the Wear Behavior of Coatings, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 1997, 6(6), p 780–784
E.A. Brown, G.L. Sheldon, and A.E. Bayoumi, A Parametric Study of Improving Tool Life by Electrospark Deposition, Wear, 1990, 138, p 137–151
J. Gould, Application of Electro-Spark Deposition as a Joining Technology, Weld. J., 2003, 90, p 191–197
R.N. Johnson, Electro Spark Deposition: Principles and Applications, Society of Vacuum Coaters, In: 45th Annual Technical Conference, pp 87–92 (2002)
S.K. Tang, The process fundamentals and process parameters of electro-spark deposition, waterloo, ontario, University of Waterloo, Canada, 2009
A. Lesnjak and J. Tusek, Processes and Properties of Deposits in Electrospark Deposition, Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, 2002, 7, p 391–396
Y. Kayali and Ş Talaş, Investigation of Wear and Corrosion Behaviour of AISI 316 L Stainless Steel Coated by ESD Surface Modification, Prot. Met. Phys. Chem. Surf., 2019, 55, p 1148–1153
E. Mertgenc, S. Talas, and B. Gokce, The Wear and Microstructural Characterization of Copper Surface Coated with TiC Reinforced FeAl Intermetallic Composite by ESD Method, Mater Res Exp, 2019, 6(11), p 1165e7
J. Zou, Q. Zhao, and Z. Chen, Surface Modified Long-Life Electrode for Resistance Spot Welding of Zn-Coated Steel, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2009, 209(8), p 4141–4146
C. Luo, X. Xiong, and S. Dong, TiB2/Ni Coatings on Surface of Copper Alloy Electrode Prepared by electrospark Deposition, Trans Nonf Metall Soc Chin, 2011, 21, p 317–321
X. Zhangi, Y. Wu, B. Xu, and H. Wang, Residual Stresses in Coating-Based Systems, Part i: Mechanisms and Analytical Modeling, Front. Mech. Eng., 2007, 2(1), p 1–12
Z. Chen and Y. Zhou, Surface Modification of Resistance Welding Electrode by Electro-Spark Deposited Composite Coatings: Part i, Coat Character, Surf Coat Technol, 2006, 201, p 1503–1510
A. Agarwal, N.B. Dahotre, and T.S. Sudarshan, Evolution of Interface in Pulsed Electrode Deposited Titanium Diboride on Copper and Steel, Surf. Eng., 1999, 15(1), p 27–32
R.G. Munro, Material Properties of Titanium Diboride, J Res Natl Ins Standard Technol, 2000, 105(5), p 709–720
T. Dupuy, The Degradation of Electrodes by Spot Welding Zinc Coated Steels, Weld World, 1999, 42(6), p 58–68
J.D. Parker, N.T. Williams, and R.J. Holliday, Mechanisms of Electrode Degradation When Spot Welding Coated Steels, Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, 1998, 2, p 65–74
S. W. Banovic, J. N. DuPont, A. R. Marder, Iron Aluminide Weld Overlay Coatings for Boiler tube Protection in Coal-Fired Low NOx Boilers (No. CONF-9705115-PROC.; ORNL/FMP-97/1). Oak Ridge National Lab.(ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). (1997)
R.N. Johnson, Electrospark Deposited Coatings for Protection, Proc. 9th Ann. Conf. on Fossil Energy Materials, pp 407–412 (1995)
O. Demirbilek, M. Onan, N. Ünlü, and Ş Talaş, Investigation of the Efficiency for ESD Coating with Stainless Steel on Die Surfaces, Int. J. Surf. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(4), p 335–348
M. Onan, O. Şahin, E. Yıldırım, and Ş Talaş, Effect of WC Based Coatings on the Wear of CK45 Sheet Metal Forming Dies, Int. J. Surf. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4), p 265–280
L.J. Swartzendruber, V.P. Itkin, and C.B. Alcock, The Fe-Ni (Iron-Nickel) System, J Phase Equilibria, 1991, 12(3), p 288–312
R.A. Al-Samarai, K.R.A. Haftirman, and Y. Al-Douri, The Influence of Roughness on the Wear and Friction Coefficient Under Dry and Lubricated Sliding, Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., 2012, 3(4), p 1–6
Y. Xia, M. Enomoto, Z. Yanga, Z. Li, and C. Zhang, Effects of Alloying Elements on the Kinetics of Austenitization from Pearlite in Fe–C–M alloys, Phil. Mag., 2013, 93(9), p 1095–1109
S.K. Tewari and R.C. Sharma, The Effect of Alloying Elements on Pearlite Growth, Metall. Trans. A, 1985, 16A, p 597–603
M. Pascual, C. Ferrer, and E. Rayón, Soldabilidad De Aleaciones Dúctiles De Grafito Esferoidal Utilizando Electrodos De Ni y Ni-Fe, Rev. Metal., 2009, 45(5), p 334–338
J.M. Guilemany, J.M. De Paco, J.R. Miguel, and J. Nutting, Characterization of the W 2 C Phase Formed During the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Spraying of a WC+ 12 Pct Co Powder, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, 30, p 1913–1921
S. Sardar, S.K. Pradhan, S.K. Karmakar, and D. Das, Modeling of Abraded Surface Roughness and Wear Resistance of Aluminum Matrix Composites, ASME, J. Tribol.Tribol., 2019, 141(7), p 071601. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4043642
M. Ortiz Domínguez, M. Keddam, O.A. Gómez Vargas, G. Ares de Parga, and J. Zuno Silva, Bilayer Growth Kinetics and Tribological Characterization of Boronized AISI M2 Steel, Mater Test, 2022, 64(4), p 473–489. https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2091
R. Carrera-Espinoza, U. Figueroa-López, J. Martínez-Trinidad, I. Campos-Silva, E. Hernández-Sánchez, and A. Motallebzadeh, Tribological Behavior of Borided AISI 1018 Steel Under Linear Reciprocating Sliding Conditions, Wear, 2016, 362–363, p 1–7
Acknowledgment
This work has been supported by Scientific and Research Project Commission (Project No. 18.Career.243).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Kayali, Y., Yalçin, Y. & Talaş, Ş. Electro-Spark Deposition Coating of AISI 4140 and AISI 1040 Steels by WC, Ni and M42 Electrodes and their Wear Properties. J. of Materi Eng and Perform (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08794-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08794-5