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Numerical Simulation of Thermal Dynamic Behavior and Morphology Evolution of the Molten Pool of Selective Laser Melting BN/316L Stainless Steel Composite

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Abstract

A three-dimensional numerical model of SLM BN/316L stainless steel composites was established by the Finite Volume Method (FVM), considering the Marangoni effect, recoil pressure, latent heat of evaporation and surface tension at the phase interface. SLM experiments were conducted to fabricate BN/316L stainless steel composites with different BN content and scanning speeds. In simulation, the effects of BN content and scanning speed on the temperature field and the morphology evolution of the molten pool of BN/316L stainless steel composites were investigated. In addition, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples were studied by experiments. The simulated results indicated that the mixed particles were melted with no balling or splashing on the surface of 1wt.% BN/316L stainless steel composite. When the BN particles increased to 2wt.%, balling and splashing became obvious, accompanied by a large bulge on the uneven melt track, due to the alteration in surface tension of the melt caused by BN particles. Under the combined action of recoil pressure and surface tension, the liquid at the top of the keyhole received an upward force, which contributed to the formation of splash. Besides, the addition of BN particles promoted the heat transfer of molten pool which was beneficial to the energy absorption of the powder bed. The peak temperature, heating rate, and cooling rate in the molten pool tended to increase with increasing BN particles. The simulated molten pool containing 2wt.% BN was deeper and narrower than that containing 1wt.% BN. As the scanning speed decreased, the peak temperature of the molten pool increased. The sample at the scanning speed of 525 mm/s had the highest relative density. Compared with 316L stainless steel, the composite with 1wt.% BN showed higher microhardness and relative density, as well as better wear resistance, which was attributed to grain refinement.

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The data used to support the founding of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2022YJSJD07).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Ming and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China

    Lin Liu, Tubin Liu, Xi Dong & Min Huang

  2. State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering and School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Fusheng Cao

  3. University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Mingli Qin

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  1. Lin Liu
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Contributions

LL contributed to conceptualization, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, and writing—review & editing. TL contributed to conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, and writing—review & editing. XD contributed to data curation, resources, and writing—review & editing. MH contributed to data curation, investigation, writing—original draft, and writing—review & editing. FC contributed to software, methodology, resources, and writing—original draft. MQ contributed to conceptualization, methodology, supervision, and resources.

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Correspondence to Lin Liu.

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Liu, L., Liu, T., Dong, X. et al. Numerical Simulation of Thermal Dynamic Behavior and Morphology Evolution of the Molten Pool of Selective Laser Melting BN/316L Stainless Steel Composite. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 33, 2968–2990 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08210-y

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