Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Effect of Equal Channel Angular Pressing on Friction Coefficients of Copper Samples in the Ring-Compression Test

  • Technical Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this research, the effect of fine-grained microstructure on the friction coefficient compared to the coarse-grained one in the ring-compression test of copper samples is investigated. The equal channel angular pressing process was performed on annealed copper at room temperature and in the Bc route in three consecutive passes. Then, the ring-compression test was carried out on the ring-shaped samples at room temperature and in three conditions: dry, with Molybdenum disulfide, and graphite lubricants with deformation rates of 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, and 62.5%. The calibration curves were provided using the finite element method and analysis of variance was employed to investigate the effect of parameters on friction coefficients. The results showed that the friction coefficients in ECAPed copper in the first and second passes while using graphite and Molybdenum disulfide lubricants are similar. ECAPed copper in the third pass and annealed copper, respectively have lower friction coefficients when being lubricated with graphite and Molybdenum disulfide lubricants compared to other copper samples. Additionally, in all copper samples, except for ECAPed copper in the third pass, the Molybdenum disulfide lubricant decreased the friction coefficient more compared to graphite lubricant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. F. Fereshteh-Saniee, I. Pillinger and P. Hartley, Friction Modelling for the Physical Simulation of the Bulk Metal Forming Processes, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2004, 153, p 151–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Kunogi, On Plastic Deformation of Hollow Cylinders Under Axial Compressive Loading, J. Sci. Res. Inst., 1954, 50, p 215–246.

    Google Scholar 

  3. H. Kudo, Some Analytical and Experimental Studies of Axi-symmetric Cold Forging and Extrusion—I, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 1960, 2, p 102–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. A.T. Male and M.G. Cockcroft, A Method for the Determination of the Coefficient of Friction of Metals under Condition of Bulk Plastic Deformation, J. Inst. Met., 1964, 93, p 38–46.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. T. Altan, G. Ngaile and G. Shen, Cold and Hot Forging: Fundamentals and Applications, ASM International, New York, 2005.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. H. Sofuoglu, H. Gedikli and J. Rasty, Determination of Friction Coefficient by Employing the Ring Compression Test, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 2011, 123, p 338–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. T. Robinson, H. Ou and C.G. Armstrong, Study on Ring Compression Test using Physical Modelling and FE Simulation, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2004, 153, p 54–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. D. Shahriari, A. Amiri and M.H. Sadeghi, Study on Hot Ring Compression Test of Nimonic 115 Superalloy Using Experimental Observations and 3D FEM Simulation, J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 2010, 19, p 633–642.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Zhu, W. Zeng, X. Ma, Q. Tai, Z. Li and X. Li, Determination of the Friction Factor of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy in Hot Forging by Means of Ring-compression Test using FEM, Tribology Inter., 2011, 44, p 2074–2080.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. A. Shokuhfar and O. Nejadseyfi, The Influence of Friction on the Processing of Ultrafine-grained/nanostructured Materials by Equal-channel Angular Pressing, J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 2014, 23, p 1038–1048.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. D.W. Wolla, M.J. Davidson and A.K. Khanra, Studies on the Formability of Powder Metallurgical Aluminum–copper Composite, Mater. Des., 2014, 59, p 151–159.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. F. Martín, M.J. Martín, L. Sevilla and M.A. Sebastián, The Ring Compression Test: Analysis of Dimensions and Canonical Geometry, Procedia. Eng., 2015, 132, p 326–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Hirawatari, H. Watari, S. Nishida, Y. Sato and M. Suzuki, Evaluation of Friction Properties of Magnesium Alloy during Hot Forging by Ring Compression, Test. Mater. Sci. Forum., 2017, 889, p 119–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. A.M. Camacho, J. Valero, M.M. Marín and J. Claver, Incremental Versus Continuous Load-lubrication Procedure in the Determination of Friction Conditions by the Ring Compression Test, Manufact. Sys., 2017, 10, p 71–83.

    Google Scholar 

  15. P. MashhadiKeshtiban, S. SheydaeiGovarchinGhaleh and V. Alimirzaloo, Performance Evaluation of Vegetable Base Oils Relative to Mineral Base Oils in the Lubrication of Cold Forming Processes of 2024 Aluminum Alloy, Part J. J. Eng. Tribology, 2019, 233, p 1068–1073.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. V. Alimirzaloo, S. SheydayiGurchinQaleh, P. MashhadiKeshtiban and S. Ahmadi, Investigation of the Effect of CuO and AL2O3 Nanolubricants on the Surface Roughness in the Forging Process of Aluminum Alloy, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng Part J: J. Eng. Tribology, 2017, 231, p 1595–1604.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. C.H. HariKrishna, M.J. Davidson, C.H. Nagaraju and B. Anil Kumar, Effect of Lubrication on Hardness in the Ring Compression Test, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng Part C: J. Mech. Eng. Sci., 2016, 230, p 1939–1950.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. G. Hosseinpour, M. Gerdooei, and V. Alimirzaloo, Influence of Die-machining Operation on the Frictional Condition in the Cold Forming Process, Tribology Trans., 2020, 1-10.

  19. G. Faraji, K. HyoungSeop and H. TorabzadehKashi, Severe Plastic Deformation: Methods Processing and Properties, Elsevier, Berlin, 2018.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Liu, J. Ju, X. Yang, J. Yan, D. Song, J. Jiang and A. Ma, A Two-step Dynamic Recrystallization Induced by LPSO Phases and its Impact on Mechanical Property of Severe Plastic Deformation Processed Mg97Y2Zn1 Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 704, p 509–517.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Liu, C. Sun, C. Wang, Y. Li, J. Bai, F. Xue, A. Ma and J. Jiang, Improving Toughness of a Mg2Ca-containing Mg-Al-Ca-Mn Alloy Via Refinement and Uniform Dispersion of Mg2Ca Particles, J. Mate. Sci. Technol., 2020, 59, p 61–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Q. Xu, A. Ma, B. Saleh, R. Fathi, Y. Li, J. Jiang and C. Ni, Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of AZ91 Alloy Processed by Rotary-die Equal Channel Angular Pressing, J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 2020, 29, p 3961–3973.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. O. Irfan, S. Mukras, F. Al-Mufadi and F. Djavanroodi, Surface Modeling of Nanostructured Copper Subjected to Erosion-Corrosion, Metals, 2017, 7, p 155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Z.N. Farhat, Y. Ding, D.O. Northwood and A.T. Alpas, Effect of Grain Size on Friction and Wear of Nanocrystalline Aluminum, Mater. Sci. Eng A., 1996, 206, p 302–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Li and I. Szlufarska, How Grain Size Controls Friction and Wear in Nanocrystalline Metals, Phy. Rev. B, 2015, 92, p 075418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. J.T. Black and R.A. Kohser, DeGarmo’s Materials and Processes in Manufacturing, John Wiley & Sons, London, 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  27. S.H. Hoseini, S. Khalilpourazary and M. Zadshakoyan, Fracture Behavior of Annealed and Equal Channel Angular Pressed Copper: An Experimental Study, J. Mater. Eng. Perform, 2020, 29, p 975–986.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. D.C. Montgomery, Design and Analysis of Experiments, Wiley, London, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  29. S. Khalilpourazary, M. Zadshakoyan and S.H. Hoseini, Ductile Fracture Analysis of Annealed and ECAPed Pure Copper, Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech, 2019, 103, p 102277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. M.H. Cho, J. Ju, S.J. Kim and H. Jang, Tribological Properties of Solid Lubricants (Graphite, Sb2S3, MoS2) for Automotive Brake Friction Materials, Wear, 2006, 260, p 855–860.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Renewable Energy, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran

    Saman Khalilpourazary & Shahrad Karami Goodarzi

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

    Vali Alimirzaloo

  3. Faculty of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

    Gholamreza Hosseinpour

Authors
  1. Saman Khalilpourazary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vali Alimirzaloo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shahrad Karami Goodarzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gholamreza Hosseinpour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saman Khalilpourazary.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khalilpourazary, S., Alimirzaloo, V., Karami Goodarzi, S. et al. The Effect of Equal Channel Angular Pressing on Friction Coefficients of Copper Samples in the Ring-Compression Test. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 31, 3835–3846 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06465-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06465-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation