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Production of Bioactive Various Lattices as an Artificial Bone Tissue by Digital Light Processing 3D Printing

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Abstract

This study aims to find which lattice type and which ingredient is the best for the bone lattice for future grafting operations. Four types of lattice parts with micro and high porosity were designed to resemble the human bone structure and reach its light-weight and high surface area properties. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were used in the photopolymer resin mixture for (Digital Light Processing) DLP 3D printing to give high bioactivity capability to the parts. In conclusion, microporosity HA- and TCP-doped parts were printed successfully with the DLP technique. Bioactivity tests were carried out with parts that were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF). There is no significant weight difference in lattice parts in the time. Four weeks are sufficient time for the test. End of 2 weeks, calcium phosphate particles with around a diameter of 50-75 µm, and end of 4 weeks, calcium phosphate particles with around a diameter of 80-225 µm were observed. Apatite precipitation areas were grown on the surface in time. SEM and XRD results indicate that HA-doped and TCP-doped specimens are bioactive. A more mass increase was observed in the HA-doped specimen compared to the TCP-doped specimen.

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Acknowledgment

This study is a part of a Master’s Thesis carried out by Muhammed Enes DOKUZ at Necmettin Erbakan University, Institute of Science. Mesut UYANER and Mustafa AYDIN are the advisors of this thesis. This research was financially supported by Necmettin Erbakan University Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship (Grant no. 191319013). Also, we wish to thank Kutahya Dumlupınar University Advanced Research Center (ILTEM) for facilitating laboratories, devices, and equipment. Marmara University Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department member Dr. Oğuzhan Gündüz provided us TCP powder used in this study. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Bioengineering Department member Dr. Özgür Özay and Ph.D. candidate Alper Önder gave support to prepare SBF. The authors especially thank them for their valuable contribution to their study.

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  1. Manisa Celal Bayar University, H.F.T. Faculty of Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Acarlar, Ali Karakuzu Street. No: 10, 45400, Turgutlu / Manisa, Turkey

    M. Enes Dokuz

  2. Dumlupinar University, Evliya Celebi Campus, Rectorship Tavsanli Road 10’th km, 43100, Kutahya, Turkey

    Mustafa Aydın

  3. Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Aeronautical Engineering Department, Demeç Street Meram, 42140, Konya, Turkey

    Mesut Uyaner

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  1. M. Enes Dokuz
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This invited article is part of a special topical focus in the Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance on Additive Manufacturing. The issue was organized by Dr. William Frazier, Pilgrim Consulting, LLC; Mr. Rick Russell, NASA; Dr. Yan Lu, NIST; Dr. Brandon D. Ribic, America Makes; and Caroline Vail, NSWC Carderock

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Dokuz, M.E., Aydın, M. & Uyaner, M. Production of Bioactive Various Lattices as an Artificial Bone Tissue by Digital Light Processing 3D Printing. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 30, 6938–6948 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-06067-7

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