Abstract
The effect of the amount of reinforcements, load, sliding distance and sliding speed on the wear properties of aluminum matrix hybrid composites (AMHCs) reinforced with yttrium tungstate (Y2W3O12) and aluminum nitride (AlN) has been investigated. The hardness and wear resistance of the composites improve with the increasing amount of AlN and Y2W3O12. The wear resistance increases with a decrease in the load and an increase in the sliding distance. The AMHCs exhibit the formation of a stable mechanically mixed layer along with fine grooves and oxides under mild conditions (low load, high sliding distance and low sliding speed) resulting in relatively low wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF). However, under severe conditions (high load, low sliding distance and high sliding speed), the formation of larger grooves along with heavy delamination increases the wear rate and COF. Response surface methodology is used to correlate the experimental values with the predicted values. The results show that the load and amount of reinforcement are significantly affecting the wear rate and COF.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.













References
S. Mahdavi and F. Akhlaghi, Effect of the Graphite Content on the Tribological Behaviour of Al-Gr and Al-30SiC-Gr Composites Processed by In Situ Powder Metallurgy (IPM) Method, Tribol. Lett., 2011, 44, p 1–12
K. Kanthavel, K. Sumesh, and P. Saravanakumar, Study of Tribological Properties on Al-Al2O3-MoS2 Hybrid Composite Processed by Powder Metallurgy, Alex. Eng. J., 2016, 55, p 13–17
M.O. Bodunrin, K.K. Alaneme, and L.H. Chown, Aluminium Matrix Hybrid Composites: A Review of Reinforcement Philosophies; Mechanical, Corrosion and Tribological Characteristics, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2015, 4, p 434–445
G. Elango and B. Raghunath, Tribological Behavior Of Hybrid (LM25Al + SiC + TiO2) Metal Matrix Composites, Procedia Eng., 2013, 64, p 671–680
S. Mitrović, M. Babić, B. Stojanović, N. Miloradović, M. Pantić, and D. Džunić, Tribological Potential of Hybrid Composites Based on Zinc and Aluminium Alloys Reinforced with SiC and Graphite Particles, Tribol. Ind., 2012, 34, p 177–185
S. Chand and P. Chandrasekhar, Influence of B4C-BN on Solid Particle Erosion of Al6061 Metal Matrix Hybrid Composites Fabricated Through Powder Metallurgy Technique, Ceram. Int., 2020, 46, p 17621–17630
S.T.I. Nayim, M.Z. Hasan, P.P. Seth, P. Gupta, S. Thakur, D. Kumar, and A. Jamwal, Effect of CNT and TiC Hybrid Reinforcement on the Micro-Mechano-Tribo Behaviour of Aluminium Matrix Composites, Mater. Today Proc., 2020, 21, p 1421–1424
T. Rajmohan, K. Palanikumar, and S. Ranganathan, Evaluation of Mechanical and Wear Properties of Hybrid Aluminium Matrix Composites, Trans. Nonferr. Met. Soc., 2013, 23, p 2509–2517 (in China)
Y. Wang, A. Afsar, J. Jang, K. Han, and J. Song, Room Temperature Dry and Lubricant Wear Behaviors of Al2O3f-SiCp-Al Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites, Wear, 2010, 268, p 863–870
S. Veličković, S. Garić, B. Stojanović, and A. Vencl, Tribological Properties of Aluminium Matrix Nanocomposites, Appl. Eng. Lett., 2016, 1, p 72–79
J. Singh and A. Chauhan, Characterization of Hybrid Aluminium Matrix Composites for Advanced Applications—A Review, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2016, 5, p 159–169
J. Singh and A. Chauhan, A Review of Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Wear Behavior of Hybrid Aluminium Matrix Composites Fabricated Via Stir Casting Route, Sādhanā, 2019, 44, p 1–18
R. Pavithran, J. Swathanandan, N. Praveen, S.P. Kumar, and D.S. Kumaran, Study of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Al-6061 Reinforced with Silicon Carbide and Graphite Particles, IJTEEE, 2015, 3, p 60–64
S.J. James, K. Venkatesan, P. Kuppan, and R. Ramanujam, Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with SiC and TiB2, Procedia Eng., 2014, 97, p 1018–1026
G. Elango, B. Raghunath, K. Palanikumar, and K. Thamizhmaran, Sliding wear of LM25 Aluminium alloy with 7.5% SiC + 2.5% TiO2 and 2.5% SiC + 7.5% TiO2 Hybrid Composites, J. Compos. Mater., 2014, 48, p 2227–2236
A. Baradeswaran and A.E. Perumal, Study on Mechanical and Wear Properties of Al 7075/Al2O3/Graphite Hybrid Composites, Compos. B Eng., 2014, 56, p 464–471
S. Mahdavi and F. Akhlaghi, Effect of the SiC Particle Sizosites on the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of SiC and SiC-Gr-Reinforced Al6061, J. Mater. Comput. Sci., 2011, 46, p 7883–7894
T. Lee, J. Lee, D. Lee, I. Jo, S.K. Lee, and H.J. Ryu, Effects of Particle Size and Surface Modification of SiC on the Wear Behavior of High Volume Fraction Al/SiCp Composites, J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 831, p 154647
M. KarbalaeiAkbari, S. Rajabi, K. Shirvanimoghaddam, and H. Baharvandi, Wear and Friction Behavior of Nanosized TiB2 and TiO2 Particle-Reinforced Casting A356 Aluminium Nanocomposites: A Comparative Study Focusing on Particle Capture in Matrix, J. Compos. Mater., 2015, 49, p 3665–3681
B.R. Sa, A. Swamy, and A. Ramesh, Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Using Powder Metallurgy Technique—A Review, Int. J. Mech. Eng. Rob. Res., 2014, 3, p 551–563 (in India)
A.E. Nassar and E.E. Nassar, Properties of Aluminium Matrix Nanocomposites Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Processing, J. King Saud Univ. Eng. Sci., 2017, 29, p 295–299
N.M. Kumar, S.S. Kumaran, and L. Kumaraswamidhas, Wear Behaviour of Al 2618 Alloy Reinforced with Si3N4, AlN and ZrB2 In Situ Composites at Elevated Temperatures, Alex. Eng. J., 2016, 55, p 19–36
P. Ravindran, K. Manisekar, S.V. Kumar, and P. Rathika, Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Hybrid Nano-composites with the Additions of Solid Lubricant, Mater. Des., 2013, 51, p 448–456
K. Bodukuri, K. Eswaraiah, K. Rajendar, and V. Sampath, Fabrication of Al-SiC-B4C Metal Matrix Composite by Powder Metallurgy Technique and Evaluating Mechanical Properties, Perspect. Sci., 2016, 8, p 428–431
M. Asif, K. Chandra, and P. Misra, Development of Aluminium Based Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites for Heavy-Duty Applications, JMMCE, 2011, 10, p 1337–1344
A. Alizadeh, A. Abdollahi, and H. Biukani, Creep Behavior and Wear Resistance of Al 5083 Based Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Boron Carbide (B4C), J. Alloys Compd., 2015, 650, p 783–793
D. Jeyasimman, R. Narayanasamy, R. Ponalagusamy, V. Anandakrishnan, and M. Kamaraj, The Effects of Various Reinforcements on Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of AA 6061 Nanocomposites, Mater. Des., 2014, 64, p 783–793
K. Umanath, K. Palanikumar, and S. Selvamani, Analysis of Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Al6061-SiC-Al2O3 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites, Compos. B Eng., 2013, 53, p 159–168
S. Suresha and B. Sridhara, Wear Characteristics of Hybrid Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Graphite and Silicon Carbide Particulates, Compos. Sci. Technol., 2010, 70, p 1652–1659
M.T. Guo and C.Y. Tsao, Tribological Behavior of Self-lubricating Aluminium-SiC-Graphite Hybrid Composites Synthesized by the Semi-solid Powder-Densification Method, Compos. Sci. Technol., 2000, 60, p 65–74
L.D. Wang, C. Ye, C.T. Yang, K.P. Wang, and W.D. Fei, Metastable Phase of β-eucryptite and Thermal Expansion Behavior of Eucryptite Particles Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composite, Trans. Nonferr. Met. Soc., 2011, 21, p 280–284 (in China)
L. Wang, W. Fei, L. Jiang, and C. Yao, New Aluminum Matrix Composite with Much Lower Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and Higher Strength, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 2002, 21, p 737–738
L. Wang, W. Fei, M. Hu, L. Jiang, and C. Yao, A Study on an Aluminum Matrix Composite Reinforced by Both β-Eucryptite Particle and Aluminum Borate Whisker, Mater. Lett., 2002, 53, p 20–24
J. Sethi, S. Das, and K. Das, Study on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Yttrium Tungstate-Aluminium Nitride Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Hybrid Composites, J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 774, p 848–855
S. Das, S. Das, and K. Das, Low Temperature Synthesis of Negative Thermal Expansion Y2 W3O12, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 22, p 3357–3363
S. Rajesh, S. Rajakarunakaran, and R.S. Pandian, Modeling and Optimization of Sliding Specific Wear and Coefficient of Friction of Aluminium Based Red Mud Metal Matrix Composite Using Taguchi Method and Response Surface Methodology, Mater. Phys. Mech., 2012, 15, p 150–166
J.E.D. Praveen, D.R. Smart, R. Babu, and N. Gnanaprakash, Investigations on Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of LM13-SiC-Gr Hybrid Composites by Response Surface Methodology, Indian J. Pure Appl. Mater., 2017, 117, p 95–99
G. Singh and S. Goyal, Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of AA6082-T6/SiC/B4C Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites Using Response Surface Methodology, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Lett., 2018, 232, p 952–964
T. Ramkumar, P. Narayanasamy, M. Selvakumar, and P. Balasundar, Effect of B4C Reinforcement on the Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V/B4C Sintered Composites Using Response Surface Methodology, Arch. Metall. Mater., 2018, 63, p 1179–1200
S. Gopalakrishnan and N. Murugan, Production and Wear Characterisation of AA 6061 Matrix Titanium Carbide Particulate Reinforced Composite by Enhanced Stir Casting Method, Compos. B Eng., 2012, 43, p 302–308
E.A. Diler and R. Ipek, Main and Interaction Effects of Matrix Particle Size, Reinforcement Particle Size and Volume Fraction on Wear Characteristics of Al-SiCp Composites Using Central Composite Design, Compos. B Eng., 2013, 50, p 371–380
G. Wu, Q. Zhang, X. Yang, Z. Huang, and W. Sha, Effects of Particle/Matrix Interface and Strengthening Mechanisms on the Mechanical Properties of Metal Matrix Composites, Compos. Interfaces, 2014, 21, p 415–429
Q. Zhang, W. Gaohui, S. Dongli, and L. Bofeng, Study on the Thermal Expansion and Thermal Cycling of AlNp-Al Composites, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2009, 18, p 63–65
A. Sanaty-Zadeh, Comparison Between Current Models for the Strength of Particulate-Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites with Emphasis on Consideration of Hall–Petch Effect, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, 531, p 112–118
Acknowledgments
J.S. would like to thank M.H.R.D. Govt. of India for PhD Research Fellowship.
Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no competing interests to declare.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sethi, J., Mohapatra, S., Sethi, A. et al. A Study on the Tribological Properties of Al-AlN-Y2W3O12 Hybrid Composites. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 29, 5638–5654 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05086-0
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05086-0
Keywords
- aluminum matrix hybrid composites
- coefficient of friction
- delamination
- grooves
- mechanically mixed layer
- response surface methodology
- wear rate