Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Microstructure, Corrosion and Magnetic Behavior of an Aged Dual-Phase Stainless Steel

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present work, the effect of the precipitation phenomena on corrosion and magnetic behavior of an aged dual-phase stainless steel was investigated. Aging treatment caused the precipitation of the σ phase, chromium carbides and secondary austenite, which was accompanied by the shifting of the δ/γ interfaces inside the δ ferrite grains. Aging between 700 and 850 °C strongly deteriorated the pitting corrosion resistance of the studied material. Magnetic investigation of the aged material using the vibration sample magnetic technique revealed the sensitivity of the intrinsic magnetic properties to the smallest microstructural change. This was confirmed by the Eddy current technique that led also to the evaluation of the aging-induced localized corrosion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A.R. Akisanya, U. Obi, and N.C. Renton, Effect of Aging on Phase Evolution and Mechanical Properties of High Tungsten Super-Duplex Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, 535, p 281–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. H.Y. Liou, W.T. Tsai, Y.T. Pan, and R.I. Hsieh, Effects of Alloying Elements on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behaviors of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steels, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2001, 10, p 231–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. J.H. Kim, E.J. Oh, B.C. Lee, and C.Y. Kang, Effect of Aging Treatment on Impact Toughness and Corrosion Resistance of Super Duplex Stainless Steel, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2016, 25, p 9–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. R. Badji, N. Kherrouba, B. Mehdi, B. Cheniti, M. Bouabdallah, C. Kahloun, and B. Bacroix, Precipitation Kinetics and Mechanical Behavior in a Solution Treated and Aged Dual Phase Stainless Steel, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2014, 148, p 664–672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. R. Badji, M. Bouabdallah, B. Bacroix, C. Kahloun, K. Bettahar, and N. Kherrouba, Effect of Solution Treatment Temperature on the Precipitation Kinetic of σ-Phase in 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Welds, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2008, 496, p 447–454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. J.W. Elmer, T.A. Palmer, and E.D. Specht, Direct Observations of Sigma Phase Formation in Duplex Stainless Steels Using In-Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2007, 38, p 464–474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. K.M. Lee, H.S. Cho, and D.C. Choi, Effect of Isothermal Treatment of SAF 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel on Migration of δ/γ Interface Boundary and Growth of Austenite, J. Alloys Compd., 1999, 285, p 156–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. T.H. Chen and J.R. Yang, Effects of Solution Treatment and Continuous Cooling on σ-Phase Precipitation in a 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2001, 311, p 28–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Y.J. Kim, L.S. Chumbley, and B. Gleeson, Determination of Isothermal Transformation Diagrams for Sigma-Phase Formation in Cast Duplex Stainless Steels CD3MN and CD3MWCuN, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, 35, p 3377–3385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. H. Sieurin and R. Sandstrom, Sigma Phase Precipitation in Duplex Stainless Steel 2205, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2007, 444, p 271–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R. Badji, B. Belkessa, H. Maza, M. Bouabdallah, B. Bacroix, and C. Kahloun, Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Welded 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2004, 467–470, p 217–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. T.H. Chen, K.L. Weng, and J.R. Yang, The Effect of High-Temperature Exposure on the Microstructural Stability and Toughness Property in a 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2002, 338, p 259–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J.K.L. Lai, K.W. Wong, and J.D. Li, Effect of Solution Treatment on the Transformation Behaviour of Cold-Rolled Duplex Stainless Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1995, 203, p 356–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. G. Fargas, M. Anglada, and A. Mateo, Effect of the Annealing Temperature on the Mechanical Properties, Formability and Corrosion Resistance of Hot-Rolled Duplex Stainless Steel, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2009, 209, p 1770–1782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Y.S. Sato and H. Kokawa, Preferential Precipitation of Sigma Phase in Duplex Stainless Steel Weld Metal, Scr. Mater., 1999, 24, p 659–663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Momeni and K. Dehghani, Effect of Hot Working on Secondary Phase Formation in 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2010, 26, p 851–857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Y.S. Ahn and J.P. Khang, Effect of Aging Treatments on Microstructure and Impact Properties of Tungsten Substituted 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2000, 16, p 382–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. K. Ravindranath and S.N. Malhotra, The Influence of Aging on the Intergranular Corrosion of 22 Chromium-5 Nickel Duplex Stainless Steel, Corros. Sci., 1995, 37, p 121–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. E. Angelini, B. De Benedetti, and F. Rosalbino, Microstructure Evolution and Localized Corrosion Resistance of an Aged Superduplex Stainless Steel, Corros. Sci., 2004, 46, p 1351–1367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. B. Deng, Z. Wang, Y. Jiang, H. Wang, J. Gao, and J. Li, Evaluation of Localized Corrosion in Duplex Stainless Steel Aged At 850 °C with Critical Pitting Temperature Measurement, Electrochim. Acta, 2009, 54, p 2790–2794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. M.E. Wilms, V.J. Gadgil, J.M. Krougman, and F.P. Ijsseling, The Effect of σ-Phase Precipitation at 800 °C on the Corrosion Resistance in Sea-Water of a High Alloyed Duplex Stainless Steel, Corros. Sci., 1994, 36, p 871–881

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. C.J. Park, H.S. Kwon, and M.M. Lohrengel, Micro-Electrochemical Polarization Study on 25% Cr Duplex Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2004, 372, p 180–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. H.A.A. Al-Mazeedi and R.A. Cottis, A Practical Evaluation Of Electrochemical Noise Parameters as Indicators of Corrosion Type, Electrochim. Acta, 2004, 49, p 2787–2793

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. S.S.M. Tavares, M.R. Da Silva, and J.M. Neto, Magnetic Property Changes During Embrittlement of a Duplex Stainless Steel, J. Alloys Compd., 2000, 313, p 168–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. S.S.M. Tavaresa, P.D.S. Pedrosab, J.R. Teodosio, M.R. Da Silvac, J.M. Netod, and S. Pairise, Magnetic Properties of the UNS S39205 Duplex Stainless Steel, J. Alloys Compd., 2003, 351, p 283–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. S.S.M. Tavares, J.M. Pardal, J.L. Guerreiro, A.M. Gomes, and M.R. Dasilva, Magnetic Detection of Sigma Phase in Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S31803, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2010, 322, p 29–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. K.H. Lo, J.K.L. Lai, C.H. Shek, and D.J. Li, Effects of Pre-treatment on the AC Magnetic Susceptibility and Ageing Behaviour of Duplex Stainless Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2007, 452, p 78–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. P.G. Normando, E.P. Moura, J.A. Souza, S.S.M. Tavares, and L.R. Padovese, Ultrasound, Eddy Current and Magnetic Barkhausen Noise as Tools for Sigma Phase Detection on a UNS S31803 Duplex Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527, p 2886–2891

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. C. Camerini, R. Sacramento, M.C. Areiza, A. Rocha, R. Santos, J.M. Rebello, and G. Pereira, Eddy Current Techniques for Super Duplex Stainless Steel Characterization, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2015, 388, p 96–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. “Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion”, G 46-94, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM, 2004.

  31. C.S. Tedmon and D.A. Vermilyea, Some Observation on Carbide Precipitation and Grain Boundary Migration in C Duplex Stainless Steel, Metall. Trans., 1970, 1, p 2043–2045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. C.H. Shek, K.W. Wong, and J.K.L. Lai, Review of Temperature Indicators and the Use of Duplex Stainless Steel for Life Assessment, Mater. Sci. Eng. R, 1996, 19, p 153–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. R. Badji, M. Bouabdallah, B. Bacroix, C. Kahloun, B. Belkessa, and H. Maza, Phase Transformation and Mechanical Behavior in Annealed 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Welds, Mater. Charact., 2008, 59, p 447–453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. J. Dille, M.C.L. Areiza, S.S.M. Tavares, G.R. Pereira, L.H. De Almeida, and J.M.A. Rebello, Microstructure Evolution During Aging at 800 °C and its Effect on the Magnetic Behavior of UNS S32304 Lean Duplex Stainless Steel, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2017, 426, p 102–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. J. Sort, J. Nogués, S. Suriñach, J.S. Muñoz, and M.D. Baró, Correlation Between Stacking Fault Formation, Allotropic Phase Transformations and Magnetic Properties of Ball-Milled Cobalt, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2004, 375, p 869–873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Q. Zeng, I. Baker, V. Mccreary, and Z. Yan, Soft Ferromagnetism in Nanostructured Mechanical Alloying Feco-Based Powders, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2007, 318, p 28–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. A. Haddad et al., Monitoring of Metal Powder by Eddy Current, Int. J. Microstruct. Mater. Prop., 2010, 5, p 3–14

    Google Scholar 

  38. “Corrosion of Metals and Alloys—Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion” 11463, Annual Book of ISO Standards, vol. 12.15, 1995.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center in Industrial Technologies (CRTI), P.O. Box 64, Cheraga, Algeria

    A. Ziouche, A. Haddad, R. Badji, M. Zergoug, N. Zoubiri & W. Bedjaoui

  2. Research Unit: Materials, Processes and Environment (URMPE), University of Boumerdes, Boumerdes, Algeria

    A. Ziouche & S. Abaidia

Authors
  1. A. Ziouche
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Haddad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. Badji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Zergoug
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. N. Zoubiri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. W. Bedjaoui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. S. Abaidia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Ziouche.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ziouche, A., Haddad, A., Badji, R. et al. Microstructure, Corrosion and Magnetic Behavior of an Aged Dual-Phase Stainless Steel. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 27, 1249–1256 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3222-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3222-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation