Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Isothermal Aging on Microstructure Evolution, Hardness and Wear Properties of Wrought Co-Cr-Mo Alloy

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this work, effects of isothermal aging on phase transformation, microstructure evolution, hardness and wear resistance of the wrought Co-Cr-Mo alloy with low carbon content were investigated. Initially, temperature range of FCC to HCP phase transformation of the alloy was determined by a dilatometer test. Then, aging at the temperature of 850 °C for different holding times with subsequent water quenching was carried out. Metallography examination, x-ray diffraction analysis, microhardness test and wear test were performed for Co-Cr-Mo alloy specimens after the isothermal aging. It was found that the FCC to HCP phase transformation occurred in the temperature range between 700 and 970 °C. During the aging treatment, phase fraction of the HCP martensite increased with longer aging time. The FCC to HCP phase transformation was completed after 12 h, because very fine lamellae in different orientations thoroughly dispersed within FCC grains were observed. These lamella structures could be well correlated with formation of the HCP martensite. Small amounts of carbides were found at grain boundaries and grain intersections in the samples aged for 6 and 12 h. In addition, by longer aging time, the average grain size of the aged alloy became a little bit larger, while the hardness noticeably increased. For the examined Co-Cr-Mo alloy, higher amount of the emerged HCP martensitic phase led to the increased hardness value, but reduced friction coefficient and wear rate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Niinomi, Recent Metallic Materials for Biomedical Applications, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2002, 33, p 478–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. R. Pilliar and S.D. Ramsay, Cobalt-Base Alloys, Materials for Medical Devices, ASM Handb., 2012, 23, p 211–219

    Google Scholar 

  3. S. Yang, Cryogenic Burnishing of Co–Cr–Mo Biomedical Alloy for Enhanced Surface Integrity and Improved Wear Performance. Dissertation; 2012, University of Kentucky, USA, p 1–45

  4. P.V. Muterlle, Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Co and Ti Alloys for Biomedical Applications Produced by Metal Injection Molding (MIM). Dissertation; 2010, University of Trento, Italy, p 14–24

  5. K.P. Gupta, The Co–Cr–Mo (Cobalt–Chromium–Molybdenum) System, J Phase Equilibria Diffusion, 2005, 26(1), p 87–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. R.T. Estrada, A.S. Rodriguez, and H.F. Lopez, FCC to HCP Transformation Kinetics in a Co–27Cr–5Mo–0.23C Alloy, J. Mater. Sci., 2011, 46, p 254–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. E. Rabinowicz, Friction and Wear of Materials, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  8. K. Rajan, Phase Transformations in a Wrought Co–Cr–Mo–C Alloy, Metall. Trans., 1982, 13A, p 1161–1182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. C. Song, H. Park, H. Seong, and H.F. Lopez, Development of Athermal and Isothermal ε-Martensite in Atomized Co–Cr–Mo–C Implant Alloy Powders, Metall. Mater. A, 2006, 37, p 3197–3203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. A.J.S. Garcia, A.M. Medrano, and A.S. Rodriguez, Formation of HCP Martensite During the Isothermal Aging of an FCC Co–27Cr–5Mo–0.05C Orthopedic Implant Alloy, Metall. Mater. A, 1999, 30, p 1177–1184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. S.H. Lee, E. Takahashi, N. Nomura, and A. Chiba, Effect of Carbon Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Wrought Co–Cr–Mo Implant Alloy, Mater. Trans., 2006, 47(2), p 287–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. H.F. Lopez and A.J. Saldivar Garcia, Martensitic Transformation in a Cast Co–Cr–Mo–C Alloy, Metall. Mater. A, 2008, 39, p 8–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. A.S. Taha and F.H. Hammad, Application of the Hall-Petch Relation to Microhardness Measurements on Al, Cu, Al–MD 105, and Al–Cu Alloys, Phys. Status Solidi (a), 1990, 119, p 455–462

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the “King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi”, “KMUTT 55th Anniversary Commemorative Fund” and “Iron and Steel Institute of Thailand” for supporting the heat treatment, “Thai Parkerizing Ltd.” for supporting the tribometer, “Thai—German Institute” for supporting the wear measurement and “Celestica (Thailand) Ltd.” for metallography analysis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand

    P. Khaimanee & P. Choungthong

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand

    V. Uthaisangsuk

Authors
  1. P. Khaimanee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Choungthong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. Uthaisangsuk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. Uthaisangsuk.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khaimanee, P., Choungthong, P. & Uthaisangsuk, V. Effects of Isothermal Aging on Microstructure Evolution, Hardness and Wear Properties of Wrought Co-Cr-Mo Alloy. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 26, 955–968 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2525-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2525-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation