Skip to main content
Log in

Influence of Grain Size on Electrically Assisted Tensile Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of grain size and current density on deformation behavior during electrically assisted tension of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated. The microstructural variations under different conditions were observed by optical microscope, SEM and TEM. The dislocation density was quantified by x-ray diffraction technique. The decrease in grain size could increase the elongation growth and stress reduction during electrically assisted tension. Fine grain size specimens can reach higher temperature than coarse grain specimens. With increasing current density, wider and deeper dimples on the fracture surfaces were observed, and less dislocation density and pileups were found in comparison with room-temperature tension without current. The dislocation density has a 62.1% reduction at 10.48 A/mm2 compared with room-temperature tension for 9.2 μm grain size specimens.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Karbasian and A.E. Tekkaya, A Review on Hot Stamping, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2010, 210, p 2103–2118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. C.D. Ross, D.B. Irvin, and J.T. Roth, Manufacturing Aspects Relating to the Effects of Direct Current on the Tensile Properties of Metals, ASME J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 2007, 129, p 342–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. T.A. Perkins, T.J. Kronenberger, and J.T. Roth, Metallic Forging Using Electrical Flow as an Alternative to Warm/Hot Working, ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 2007, 129, p 84–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Magargee, F. Morestin, and J. Cao, Characterization of Flow Stress for Commercially Pure Titanium Subjected to Electrically-Assisted Deformation, ASME J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 2013, 135, p 041003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. B. Kinsey, G. Cullen, A. Jordan, and S. Mates, Investigation of Electroplastic Effect at High Deformation Rates for 304SS and Ti-6Al-4V, CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol., 2013, 62, p 279–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. J.T. Roth, I. Loker, D. Mauck, M. Warner, S.F. Golovashchenko, and A. Krause, Enhanced Formability of 5754 Aluminum Sheet Metal Using Electric Pulsing, Trans. N Am. Manuf. Res. Inst. SME, 2008, 36, p 405–412

    Google Scholar 

  7. P.C. Song, X.F. Li, W. Ding, and J. Chen, Electroplastic Tensile Behavior of 5A90 Al–Li Alloys, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.), 2014, 27, p 642–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. X.F. Li, Q. Zhou, S.J. Zhao, and J. Chen, Effect of Pulse Current on Bending Behavior of Ti6Al4V Alloy, Procedia Eng., 2014, 81, p 1799–1804

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. T.J. Kronenberger, D.H. Johnson, and J.T. Roth, Coupled Multifield Finite Element Analysis Model of Upsetting Under an Applied Direct Current, ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 2009, 131, p 0310031–0310038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. J.-H. Roh, J.-J. Seo, S.T. Hong, M.-J. Kim, H.N. Han, and J.T. Roth, The Mechanical Behavior of 5052-H32 Aluminum Alloys Under a Pulsed Electric Current, Int. J. Plast., 2014, 58, p 84–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. C. Li, K.F. Zhang, S.S. Jiang, and Z.P. Zhao, Pulse Current Auxiliary Bulging and Deformation Mechanism of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy, Mater. Des., 2012, 34, p 170–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A.A. Potapova and V.V. Stolyarov, Deformability and Structural Features of Shape Memory TiNi alloys Processed by Rolling with Current, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 579, p 114–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Z.S. Xu, Z.H. Lai, and Y.X. Chen, Effect of Electric Current on the Recrystallization Behavior of Cold Worked α-Ti, Scr. Metall., 1988, 22, p 187–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. H. Conrad, Effects of Electric Current on Solid State Phase Transformations in Metals, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2000, 287, p 227–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. X.X. Ye, Z.T.H. Tse, G.Y. Tang, and G.L. Song, Mechanical Properties and Phase Transition of Biomedical Titanium Alloy Strips with Initial Quasi-Single Phase State Under High-Energy Electropulses, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2015, 42, p 100–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M.S. Siopis and B.L. Kinsey, Experimental Investigation of Grain and Specimen Size Effects During Electrical-Assisted Forming, ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 2010, 132, p 0210041–0210047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. R. Fan, J. Magargee, P. Hu, and J. Cao, Influence of Grain Size and Grain Boundaries on the Thermal and Mechanical Behavior of 70/30 Brass Under Electrically-Assisted Deformation, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 574, p 218–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. L.F. Peng, J.M. Mai, T.H. Jiang, X.M. Lai, and Z.Q. Lin, Experimental Investigation of Tensile Properties of SS316L and Fabrication of Micro/Meso Channel Features by Electrical-Assisted Embossing Process, ASME J. Micro Nano-Manuf., 2014, 2, p 021002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. ASTM E112-96 e2, Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2004

    Google Scholar 

  20. H. Conrad, Electroplasticity in Metals and Ceramics, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2000, 287, p 276–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. P. Gay, P. Hirsch, and A. Kelly, The Estimation of Dislocation Densities in Metals from X-ray Data, Acta Metall., 1953, 1, p 315–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. N.E. Paton and W. Backofen, Plastic Deformation of Titanium at Elevated Temperatures, Metall. Trans., 1970, 1, p 2839–2847

    Google Scholar 

  23. Y. Liu, L. Wang, F. Feng, X.D. Lu, and B.J. Zhang, Effect of Pulse Current on Tensile Deformation Behavior of IN718 Alloy, Adv. Mater. Res., 2012, 509, p 56–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. X.F. Li, S. Wang, S.J. Zhao, W. Ding, J. Chen, and G.H. Wu, Effect of Pulse Current on the Tensile Deformation of SUS304 Stainless Steel, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2015, 24, p 5065–5070

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51105248, 51475295). We expressed our sincere thanks for their financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun Chen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, X., Ji, B., Zhou, Q. et al. Influence of Grain Size on Electrically Assisted Tensile Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 25, 4514–4520 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2268-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2268-0

Keywords

Navigation