Skip to main content
Log in

Strain Compensation of the Constitutive Equation for High Temperature Flow Stress of a Al-Cu-Li Alloy

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In order to study the workability of a Al-Cu-Li alloy, isothermal hot compressive deformation was investigated in the temperature range of 350-500 °C at strain rates in the range of 0.01-10/s up to a true strain of 0.9 on Gleeble-1500 mechanical testing machine. The flow stress increased rapidly to a peak value. The peak stress decreased with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. The effects of strain rate and temperature on hot deformation behavior can be represented by a Zener-Hollomon parameter including an Arrhenius term. The influence of the strain has also been incorporated in the constitutive equation and four material constants α, n, A, and the activation energy Q were calculated by compensation of strain. The proposed constitutive equation (considering the compensation of strain) gives an accurate description for the flow stress of the Al-Cu-Li alloy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R.K. Gupta, N. Nayan, G. Nagasireesha, and S.C. Sharma, Development and Characterization of Al-Li Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, 420(1-2), p 228–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. R. Rioja and J. Liu, The Evolution of Al-Li Base Products for Aerospace and Space Applications, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2012, 43(9), p 3325–3337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. J.C. Williams and E.A. Starke, Jr., Progress in Structural Materials for Aerospace Systems, Acta Mater., 2003, 51(19), p 5775–5799

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. X. Duan and T. Sheppard, The Influence of the Constitutive Equation on the Simulation of a Hot Rolling Process, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2004, 150(1-2), p 100–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J.H. Sung, J.H. Kim, and R.H. Wagoner, A Plastic Constitutive Equation Incorporating Strain, Strain-Rate, and Temperature, Int. J. Plast., 2010, 26(12), p 1746–1771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. L. Wang, F. Liu, Q. Zuo, and C.F. Chen, Prediction of Flow Stress for N08028 Alloy Under Hot Working Conditions, Mater. Des., 2013, 47, p 737–745

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. R.N. Wright and M.S. Paulson, Constitutive Equation Development for High Strain Deformation Processing of Aluminum Alloys, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1998, 80-81, p 556–559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Y.H. Xiao and C. Guo, Constitutive Modelling for High Temperature Behavior of 1Cr12Ni3Mo2VNbN Martensitic Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528(15), p 5081–5087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Laasraoui and J. Jonas, Prediction of Steel Flow Stresses at High Temperatures and Strain Rates, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1991, 22(7), p 1545–1558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Y.C. Lin and G. Liu, A New Mathematical Model for Predicting Flow Stress of Typical High-Strength Alloy Steel at Elevated High Temperature, Comput. Mater. Sci., 2010, 48(1), p 54–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. J. van de Langkruis, W.H. Kool, and S. van der Zwaag, Assessment of Constitutive Equations in Modelling the Hot Deformability of Some Overaged Al-Mg-Si Alloys with Varying Solute Contents, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1999, 266(1-2), p 135–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. D. Samantaray, S. Mandal, and A.K. Bhaduri, A Comparative Study on Johnson Cook, Modified Zerilli-Armstrong and Arrhenius-Type Constitutive Models to Predict Elevated Temperature Flow Behaviour in Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel, Comput. Mater. Sci., 2009, 47(2), p 568–576

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. C.M. Sellars and W.J.M. Tegart, Relationship Between Strength and Structure in Deformation at Elevated Temperatures, Mem. Sci. Rev. Met., 1966, 63(9), p 731–745

    Google Scholar 

  14. J.J. Jonas, C.M. Sellars, and W.J.M. Tegart, Strength and Structure Under Hot-Working Conditions, Int. Mater. Rev., 1969, 14(1), p 1–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. T. Sheppard and D. Wright, Determination of Flow Stress: Part 1 Constitutive Equation for Aluminium Alloys at Elevated Temperatures, Met. Technol., 1979, 6(1), p 215–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. T. Sheppard and A. Jackson, Constitutive Equations for Use in Prediction of Flow Stress During Extrusion of Aluminium Alloys, Mater. Sci. Technol., 1997, 13(3), p 203–209

    Google Scholar 

  17. H.J. McQueen, E. Fry, and J. Belling, Comparative Constitutive Constants for Hot Working of Al-4.4 Mg-0.7 Mn (AA5083), J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2001, 10(2), p 164–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. H.J. McQueen and N.D. Ryan, Constitutive Analysis in Hot Working, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2002, 322(1), p 43–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. G. Avramovic-Cingara, H.J. McQueen, and D.D. Perovic, Comparison of Torsion and Compression Constitutive Analyses for Elevated Temperature Deformation of Al-Li-Cu-Mn Alloy, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2003, 19(1), p 11–19

    Google Scholar 

  20. C. Zener and J.H. Hollomon, Effect of Strain Rate Upon Plastic Flow of Steel, J. Appl. Phys., 1944, 15(1), p 22–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Shi, A.J. McLaren, C.M. Sellars, R. Shahani, and R. Bolingbroke, Constitutive Equations for High Temperature Flow Stress of Aluminium Alloys, Mater. Sci. Technol., 1997, 13(3), p 210–216

    Google Scholar 

  22. H.J. McQueen, W.A. Wong, and J.J. Jonas, Deformation of Aluminium at High Temperatures and Strain Rates, Can. J. Phys., 1967, 45(2), p 1225–1234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. N.J. Silk, S.B. Davenport, C.N. Sparks, and C.M. Sellars, Development of Constitutive Equations for Modelling of Hot Rolling, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2000, 16(5), p 539–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. O. Sherby, R. Klundt, and A. Miller, Flow Stress, Subgrain Size, and Subgrain Stability at Elevated Temperature, Metall. Trans. A, 1977, 8(6), p 843–850

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. R.W. Evans and G.R. Dunstan, Hot-Working and Subsequent Restoration of Commercial-Purity Aluminium, J. Inst .Met. Jan., 1971, 99, p 4–14

    Google Scholar 

  26. G. Avramovic-Cingara, D. Perovic, and H. McQueen, Hot Deformation Mechanisms of a Solution-Treated Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr Alloy, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, 27(11), p 3478–3490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. H. McQueen, K. Conrod, and G. Avramovic-Cingara, The Hot Working Characteristics of Eutectic-Rod-Stabilized Conductor Alloys, Can. Metall. Q., 1993, 32(4), p 375–386

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ling Ou.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ou, L., Nie, Y. & Zheng, Z. Strain Compensation of the Constitutive Equation for High Temperature Flow Stress of a Al-Cu-Li Alloy. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 23, 25–30 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-013-0747-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-013-0747-0

Keywords

Navigation