Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Erosive Wear Behavior of Nickel-Based High Alloy White Cast Iron Under Mining Conditions Using Orthogonal Array

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nihard Grade-4, a nickel-bearing cast iron widely used in slurry pumps and hydrodynamic components, is evaluated for its erosive wear response under mining conditions using a statistical approach. Experiments were conducted by varying the factors namely velocity, slurry concentration, angle of impingement, and pH in three levels, using L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance was used to rank the factors influencing erosive wear. The results indicate that velocity is the most influencing factor followed by the angle of impingement, slurry concentration, and pH. Interaction effects of velocity, slurry concentration, angle of impingement, and pH on erosion rate have been discussed. Wear morphology was also studied using SEM characterization technique. At lower angle (30°) of impingement, the erosion of material is by micro fracture and shallow ploughing with the plastic deformation of the ductile austenitic matrix. At the normal angle (90°) of impingement, the material loss from the surface is found because of deep indentation, forming protruded lips which are removed by means of repeated impact of the erodent.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B.D. Jana and M.M. Stack, Modelling Impact Angle Effects on Erosion-Corrosion of Pure Metals: Construction of Materials Performance Maps, Wear, 2005, 259, p 243–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. A.V. Levy, Solid Particle Erosion and Erosion-Corrosion of Materials, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  3. I. Finnie, Erosion of Surface by Solid Particles, Wear, 1960, 3, p 87–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M.A. Al-Bukahiti, S.M. Ahmed, F.M.F. Badran, and K.M. Emara, Effect of Impingement Angle on Slurry Erosion Behaviour and Mechanisms of, Steel and High-Chromium White Cast Iron, Wear, 1017, 262(2007), p 1187–1198

    Google Scholar 

  5. H. Meng, X. Hu, and A. Neville, A Systematic Study of Two Stainless Steels in Marine Conditions via Experimental Design, Wear, 2007, 263, p 355–362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S.S. Rajahram, T.J. Harvey, and R.J.K. Wood, Full Factorial Investigation on the Erosion-Corrosion Resistance of UNS S31603, Tribol. Int., 2010, 43, p 2072–2083

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Liu, S. Li, and Y. Man, Wear Resistance of M-hard 4 and High-Chromium Cast Iron Re-evaluated, Wear, 1993, 166, p 37–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. G. Davidson, Considerations for Proper Sizing and Materials Selection to Optimize Centrifugal Slurry Pump Performance, Proceedings of the Fourth International Pump Symposium, Turbomachinery Laboratories, Texas A & M University, 1987, p 35–54

  9. K. Rohrig, Ni-Hard Material Data and Applications, Nickel Development Institute, Technology & Engineering, Toronto, 1996, p 1-28

  10. ASM International, ASM Handbook of Microstructures and Metallography, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2004

  11. M. Divakar, V.K. Agarwal, and S.N. Singh, Effect of the Material Surface Hardness on the Erosion of AISI, 316, Wear, 2005, 259, p 110–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. B.A. Lindsley and A.R. Marder, The Effect of Velocity on the Solid Particle Erosion Rate of Alloys, Wear, 1999, 225–229, p 510–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J.K. Robert, Wood, Erosion-Corrosion Interactions and Their Effect on Marine and Offshore Materials, Wear, 2006, 261, p 1012–1023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. M.M. Stack, J. Chacon-Nava, and F.H. Stott, Relationship Between the Effects of Velocity and Alloy Corrosion Resistance in Erosion-Corrosion Environments at Elevated Temperatures, Wear, 1995, 180, p 91–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M.M. Stack, N. Corlettb, and S. Turgoose, Some Thoughts on Modelling the Effects of Oxygen and Particle Concentration on the Erosion-Corrosion of Steels in Aqueous Slurries, Wear, 2003, 255, p 225–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Turenne, M. Fiset, and J. Masounave, The Effect of Sand Concentration on the Erosion of Materials by a Slurry Jet, Wear, 1989, 133, p 95–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. T. Manisekaran, M. Kamaraj, S.M. Sharrif, and S.V. Joshi, Slurry Erosion Studies on Surface Modified 13Cr-Ni Steels: Effect of Angle of Impingement and Particle Size, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2007, 16, p 567–572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. H.M. Clark, The Influence of the Flow Field in Slurry Erosion, Wear, 1992, 152, p 223–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. B.K. Prasad, A.K. Jha, O.P. Modi, and A.H. Yegneswaran, Effect of Sand Concentration in the Medium and Travel Distance and Speed on the Slurry Wear Response of a Zinc-Based Alloy Alumina Particle Composite, Tribol. Lett., 2004, 17, p 301–309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. S.G. Sapate and A.V. Ramo, Erosive Wear Behaviour of Weld Hardfacing High Chromium Cast Iron Effect of Erodent Particles, Tribol. Int., 2006, 39, p 206–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. S.G. Sapate and A.V. Ramo, Effect of Carbide Volume Fraction on Erosion Wear Behaviour of Hard Facing Cast Irons, Wear, 2004, 156, p 774–786

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Chatterjee and T.K. Pal, Solid Particle Erosion Behaviour of Hardfacing Deposits on Cast Iron—Influence of Deposit Microstructure and Erodent Particles, Wear, 2006, 261, p 1069–1079

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. I. Finnie, Some Observations on the Erosion of Ductile Metals, Wear, 1972, 19, p 81–90

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. R.C. Shivamurthy, M. Kamaraj, R. Nagarajan, S.M. Shariff, and G. Padmanabham, Slurry Erosion Characteristics and Erosive Wear Mechanisms of Co-Based and Ni-Based Coatings Formed by Laser Surface Alloying, Metall. Mater. Trans A, 2010, 41A, p 470–486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. A.K. Chauhan, D.B. Goel, and S. Prakash, Erosion Behaviour of Hydro Turbine Steels, Bull. Mater. Sci., 2008, 31, p 115–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Duraiselvam, R. Galun, S. Siegmann, V. Wesling, and L. Mordike, Liquid Impact Erosion Characteristics of Martensitic Stainless Steel Laser Clad with Ni-Based Intermetallic Composites and Matrix Composites, Wear, 2006, 261, p 1140–1149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A.J. Ninham and A.V. Levy, The Erosion of Carbide-Metal Composites, Wear, 1988, 121, p 347–361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the management of the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India for having provided all the necessary facilities to carry out this study. The financial support for this work received from Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited, Neyveli, India is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India

    J. Yoganandh, S. Natarajan & S. P. Kumaresh Babu

  2. Centre of Excellence in Corrosion and Surface Engineering (CECASE), National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India

    S. Natarajan & S. P. Kumaresh Babu

Authors
  1. J. Yoganandh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Natarajan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. P. Kumaresh Babu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Natarajan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yoganandh, J., Natarajan, S. & Babu, S.P.K. Erosive Wear Behavior of Nickel-Based High Alloy White Cast Iron Under Mining Conditions Using Orthogonal Array. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 22, 2534–2541 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-013-0539-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-013-0539-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation