Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of Rewetting Behavior on the Distortion of Bearing Races

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Immersion quenching in evaporable fluids like oil, polymer solutions, or water is a widely used technique in heat treatment shops because this technique provides higher heat transfer coefficients than the most alternative gas quenching techniques. The disadvantages of immersion quenching in evaporating fluids are the complex heat transfer mechanisms which consist of the three phases, film boiling, nucleate boiling, and convection. Especially the transition from film to nucleate boiling—the rewetting of the sample surface—is a complex process which leads to a strong position dependence of the heat transfer coefficient of the cooled work pieces. In particular, immersion quenching of thin-walled rings can result in large changes of ovality with comparable high scattering. To understand these results, two series of experiments were performed. Rings were quenched in oil in a special quenching tank and the rewetting behavior was documented. Furthermore, bearing races were quenched in a standard tank. Before and after heat treatment, these rings were measured by a coordinate measuring system and the distortion was determined. The investigations have clearly shown that the vapor film can have an important influence on distortion generation during oil quenching. The resulting distortion can principally be explained by the observed rewetting behavior.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P. Mayr. Dimensional Alterations of Parts Due to Heat Treatment, Proceedings of the International Conference on Residual Stresses, DGM Oberursel, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 1986, p 57–77

  2. N.I. Kobasko, A.A. Aronov, J.A. Powell, and G.E. Totten, Intensive Quenching Systems: Engineering and Design, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2010, p 234

    Google Scholar 

  3. F. Frerichs, Th. Lübben, F. Hoffmann, and H.-W. Zoch, Distortion of conical formed bearing rings made of SAE 5210, Mat.-wiss. u Werkstofftech., 2009, 40, p 402–407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. H.M. Tensi, Wetting Kinematics, Quenching Theory and Technology, B. Liscic, H.M. Tensi, L.C.F. Canale, and G.E. Totten, Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2010, p 179–203, ISBN 978-0-8493-9279-5.

  5. K. Lainer and H.M. Tensi, Heat transfer coefficient and heat flux density distribution influenced by the wetting behavior of hollow cylinders, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Quenching and the Control of Distortion, Cleveland, 1997, p 938–100

  6. H.J. Vergara-Hernández and B. Hernández-Morales, A Novel Probe Design to Study Wetting Front Kinematics During Forced Convective Quenching, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 2009, 33, p 797–807

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. F. Frerichs, Th. Lübben, F. Hoffmann, P. Mayr, and H.-W. Zoch, Einfluss von gezielt asymmetrischen Fertigungsbedingungen auf den Verzug von Wellen infolge von Abschreckprozesse (Influence of Asymmetrical Manufacturing Conditions on Distortion of Cylinders), HTM Z. Werkst. Wärmebeh. Fertigung, 2005, 60, p 323–330 (in German)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. F. Frerichs, Th. Lübben, F. Hoffmann, and H.-W. Zoch, Ring Geometry as an Important Part of Distortion Potential, Mat.-wiss. u Werkstofftech, 2012, 43, p 16–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. I.N. Bronstein and K.A. Semendjajew, Taschenbuch der Mathematik (Handbook of Mathematics), Verlag Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt/Main, 1981 (in German)

  10. Th. Lübben, F. Frerichs, and H.-W. Zoch, Rewetting Behaviour During Immersion Quenching, Strojarstvo J. Theory Appl. Mech. Eng., 2011, 53, p 45–52

    Google Scholar 

  11. F. Frerichs, Th. Lübben, F. Hoffmann, and H.-W. Zoch, Effects of Inhomogeneous Distribution of Distortion Potential on Out of Roundness of Rings, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Thermal Process Modeling and Computer Simulation (ID No E08 on CDROM), Shanghai, 2010

  12. H. Surm, F. Frerichs, Th. Lübben, F. Hoffmann, and H.-W. Zoch, Distortion of Rings due to Inhomogeneous Temperature Distributions, Mat.-wiss. u Werkstofftech, 2012, 43, p 29–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. O. Kessler, C. Prinz, T. Sackmann, L. Nowag, H. Surm, F. Frerichs, Th. Lübben, and H.-W. Zoch, Experimental Study of Distortion Phenomena in Manufacturing Lines, Mat.-wiss. u Werkstofftech, 2006, 37, p 11–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Centre SFB 570 “Distortion Engineering” at the University of Bremen.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stiftung Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Thomas Lübben & Friedhelm Frerichs

Authors
  1. Thomas Lübben
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Friedhelm Frerichs
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Thomas Lübben or Friedhelm Frerichs.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lübben, T., Frerichs, F. Influence of Rewetting Behavior on the Distortion of Bearing Races. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 22, 2323–2330 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-013-0501-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-013-0501-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation