Abstract
Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) is a candidate material for production tubing in oil and gas wells and subsea pipelines used to transport corrosive hydrocarbon fluids. The suitability of this material for high temperature applications is examined in this article. The uniaxial tensile properties are determined for a 25Cr SDSS over a range of temperature relevant to high pressure-high temperature oil and gas wells. It is shown that there is a significant effect of temperature on the uniaxial tensile properties. Elevated temperature was shown to reduce the Young’s modulus and increase the strain hardening index; temperature effects on these two parameters are usually neglected in the design of subsea pipelines and oil well tubulars, and this could lead to wrong predictions of the collapse pressure. The manufacturing process of the super duplex tubular did not lead to significant anisotropy in the hardness and the ultimate tensile and uniaxial yield strengths.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Manufactured by Tokyo Sokki Kenkyujo Co. Ltd.
References
M. Holmquist, Duplex Stainless Steels Avoid Damage in Hydrocarbon Processing, Energy Process. Can., 2002, 95, p 5–8
J. Olsson and M. Snis, Duplex—A New Generation of Stainless Steels for Desalination Plants, Desalination, 2007, 205, p 104–113
M. Veljkovic and J. Gozzi, Use of Duplex Stainless Steel in Economic Design of a Pressure Vessel, Trans. ASME J. Pres. Vessel Technol., 2007, 129, p 155–161
I.N. Bastos, S.S.M. Tavares, F. Dalard, and R.P. Nogueira, Effect of Microstructure on Corrosion Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steel at Critical Environment Conditions, Scr. Mater., 2007, 57, p 913–916
H. Hanninen, J. Romu, R. Ilola, J. Tervo, and A. Laitinen, Effects of Processing and Manufacturing of High Nitrogen-Containing Stainless Steels on Their Mechanical, Corrosion and Wear Properties, J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 2001, 117, p 424–430
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156, Petroleum and Natural Gas Industires—Materials for Use in H2S-Containing Environments in Oil and Gas Production, 2005, NACE MR0175/ISO 15156
BS 5950-8, Structural Use of Steelwork in Building—Part 8: Code of Practice for Fire Resistant Design, British Standard BS5950-8, 2003
Eurocode 3, Design of Steel Structures—Part 1.2: General—Structural Fire Design, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, BS EN 1993-1-2
Eurocode 3, Design of Steel Structures—Part 1.4: General—Structures in Stainless Steels, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, BS EN 1993-1-4
J.W. Kim and T.S. Byun, Analysis of Tensile Deformation and Failure in Austenitic Stainless Steels: Part 1—Temperature Dependence, J Nucl. Mater., 2010, 396, p 1–9
T.S. Byun, N. Hashimoto, and K. Farrell, Temperature Dependence of Strain Hardening and Plastic Instability Behaviors in Austenitic Stainless Steels, Acta Mater., 2004, 52, p 3889–3899
C.R. Brinkman, Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties of an Advanced Type 316 Stainless Steel, Trans. ASME J. Pres. Vessel Technol., 2001, 123, p 75–80
L. Gardner and K.T. Ng, Temperature Development in Structural Stainless Steel Sections Exposed to Fire, Fire Saf. J., 2006, 41, p 182–203
J. Chen and B. Young, Stress-Strain Curves for Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures, Eng. Struct., 2006, 28, p 229–239
A.K. Roy, S.R. Kukatla, B. Yarlagadda, V.N. Potluri, M. Lewis, M. Jones, and B.J. O’Toole, Tensile Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steels at Elevated Temperatures, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2005, 14, p 212–218
L. Gardner, A. Insauti, K.T. Ng, and M. Ashraf, Elevated Temperature Material Properties of Stainless Steel Alloys, J. Constr. Steel Res., 2010, 66, p 634–647
M. Martins and L.C. Casteletti, Sigma Phase Morphologies in Cast and Aged Super Duplex Stainless Steel, Mater. Charact., 2009, 60, p 792–795
D. Dyja and Z. Stradomski, Microstructural Evolution in Duplex Cast Steel After Quench Ageing Process, Arch. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2007, 28, p 557–564
ISO 13680:2000(E), Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries—Corrosion-Resistant Alloy Seamless Tubes for Use as Casing, Tubing and Coupling Stock—Technical Delivery Conditions, 2000, ISO
ASTM E1245-03, Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis, ASTM 2008
J.C. Prouheze, J.C. Vallant, G. Guntz, and Lefebvre, Production of Tubing in Duplex Steel VS22—Influence of Cold Working on Mechanical Properties Behaviour in Corrosive Sour Gas and Oil Environment, Duplex Stainless Steels Conference Proceedings (St. Louis, Missouri), 1983, p 247–265
I.V. Hagen and M. Keller, Interrelation Between Fabrication Processes and Mechanical Properties of AF 22 Duplex Tubes, Duplex Stainless Steels Conference Proceedings (St. Louis, Missouri), 1983, p 325–353
W. Zheng and D. Hardie, Effect of Structural Orientation on the Susceptibility of Commercial Duplex Steels to Hydrogen Embrittlement, Corrosion, 1991, 47, p 792–799
G. Herbsleb and R.K. Poepperling, Corrosion Properties of Austenitic-Ferritic Duplex Steel AF 22 in Chloride and Sulfide Containing Environments, Corrosion, 1980, 36(11), p 611–618
M. Oberndorfer, K. Thayer, and M. Kastenbauer, Application Limits of Stainless Steels in the Petroleum Industry, Mater. Corros.-Werkstoffe Und Korrosion, 2004, 55, p 174–180
J.L. Song and Bate, Plastic Anisotropy in a Superplastic Duplex Stainless Steel, Acta Mater., 1997, 45, p 2747–2757
J. Hill, The Mathematical Theory of Plasticity, The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1950, p 267–269
DNV, Submarine Pipelines Systems, Offshore Standard DNV-OS-F101, 2007
API, Specification for Casing and Tubing, API Specification 5CT, 6th ed, 1998
F.J. Klever and G. Stewart, Analytical Burst Strength Prediction of OCTG With and Without Defects, Proceeding of the SPE Applied Technology Workshop on Risk Based Design of Well Casing and Tubing, 7–8 May 1998 (The Woodlands, Texas), SPE 48329
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the experimental assistances of Stuart Herbert, Alastair Robertson, Derek Logan, and Jim Gall of the University of Aberdeen, School of Engineering Central Workshop. BAL acknowledges the financial support of Shell Exploration and Production (UK).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lasebikan, B.A., Akisanya, A.R. & Deans, W.F. The Mechanical Behavior of a 25Cr Super Duplex Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperature. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 22, 598–606 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0273-5
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0273-5