Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Modulus Dependence on Large Scale Porosity of Powder Metallurgy Steel

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article compares the existing theoretical expressions for the porosity dependence on elastic constants to experimental data for a commercially available material, FC-0205 powder metallurgy (PM) steel. The modulus of compression, tension, effective torsion, and ultrasound-based data at varying porosity levels are plotted graphically against the theoretical expressions. An equation by McAdam (J. Iron Steel Inst. Lond., 1950, 168, p 346) was able to most accurately predict the experimental data with the adjustment of only one material constant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

References

  1. G.D. McAdam, Some Relations of Powder Characteristics to the Elastic Modulus and Shrinkage of Sintered Ferrous Compacts, J. Iron Steel Inst. Lond., 1950, 168, p 346

    Google Scholar 

  2. J.H. Mackenzie, The Elastic Constants of a Solid Containing Spherical Holes, Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond., 1950, 63(1), p 2–11

    Google Scholar 

  3. Z. Hashin, The Elastic Moduli of Heterogeneous Materials, J. Appl. Mech., 1962, 29(1), p 143–150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Z. Hashin and S. Shtrikman, A Variational Approach to the Theory of the Elastic Behavior of Multiphase Materials, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1963, 11(2), p 127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. R. Hill, A Self-Consistent Mechanics of Composite Materials, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1965, 13(4), p 213–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. B. Budiansky, On the Elastic Moduli of Some Heterogeneous Materials, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1965, 13(4), p 223–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A. Buch and S. Goldschimdt, Influence of Porosity on Elastic Moduli of Sintered Materials, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1970, 5(2), p 111–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. C.W. Bert, Prediction of Elastic Moduli of Solids with Oriented Porosity, J. Mater. Sci., 1985, 20(6), p 2220–2224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. J. Lemaitre and J. Dufailly, Damage Measurements, Eng. Fract. Mech., 1987, 28(5/6), p 643–661

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. W.A. Spitzig, R.E. Smelser, and O. Richmond, The Evolution of Damage and Fracture in Iron Compacts with Various Initial Porosities, Acta Mater., 1988, 36(5), p 1201–1211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. N. Ramakrishnan and V.S. Arunachalam, Effective Elastic Moduli of Porous Ceramic Materials, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1993, 76(11), p 2745–2752

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. N. Chawla and X. Deng, Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Porous Sintered Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2005, 390, p 98–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. D.J. Bammann, M.L. Chiesa, M.F. Horstemeyer, and L.I. Weingarten, Failure in Ductile Materials Using Finite Element Methods, Structural Crashworthiness and Failure, N. Jones and T. Wierzbicki, Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993, p 1–54

  14. R.A. Hardin and C. Beckermann, Effect of Porosity on the Stiffness of Cast Steel, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2007, 38A, p 2992–3006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. R. Haynes, The Mechanical Behaviour of Sintered Metals, Freund, London, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  16. R.H.T. Yeh, Variational Principles of the Elastic Moduli of Composite Materials, J. Appl. Phys., 1970, 41(8), p 3353–3356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. P.G. Allison, M.F. Horstemeyer, M. Tucker, H.R. Brown, and Y.-K. Hwang, Microstructure-Property Relations of a Powder Metallurgy Steel (FC-0205) Under Varying Temperatures, Strain Rates, and Stress States, Mater. Sci. Eng. A (under review)

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the U.S. Automotive Materials Partnership (AMD410) contract no. FC-26-02OR22910 with guidance from Howard I. Sanderow (Center for Powder Metallurgy Technology—CPMT), Russell A. Chernenkoff (Metaldyne), Paulo Rosa (DaimlerChrysler), Shekhar G. Wakade (GM Powertrain), and Glen Weber (Ford Motor Company). The authors would also like to thank the Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems at Mississippi State University for supporting this study. The authors gratefully acknowledge the permission granted to publish this research article by the director of the Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geotechnical & Structures Laboratory, Engineer Research & Development Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA

    P. G. Allison

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, PO Box ME, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA

    P. G. Allison, M. F. Horstemeyer & H. R. Brown

Authors
  1. P. G. Allison
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. F. Horstemeyer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H. R. Brown
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. G. Allison.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Allison, P.G., Horstemeyer, M.F. & Brown, H.R. Modulus Dependence on Large Scale Porosity of Powder Metallurgy Steel. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 21, 1422–1425 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0001-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0001-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation