Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrical properties studies of Nb-doped strontium titanate ceramics prepared from titanyl acylate precursors

  • Regular Issue Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Electronic Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Through a sol-gel or sol-precipitation process Nb2O5-doped SrTiO3 was obtained from titanyl acylate precursors in acidic or alkaline solution, respectively. Nonstoichiometric powders were obtained by varying the Sr/Ti ratio in the starting materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the surface properties of the powders and the sintered bulk ceramics. Excess Ti in the sol-gel process was converted to TiO2 (rutile) after calcination. In contrast, in the sol-precipitation process, the excess Ti was converted to Magnéli phases, which benefited the powders sinterability, and also enhanced the formation of Ti3+ on the powder surface, resulting in an abnormally high dielectric constant. The excess Sr in the sol-gel process was converted to SrCO3 and then to gaseous CO2 during sintering, which resulted in some cavities in the microstructure. In the sol-precipitation process, a structure of Srn+1TinO3n+1 was established and some near rectangular shaped, high-density grains were obtained.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. N.H. Chan, R.K. Sharma, and D.M. Smyth, J. Electrochem. Soc. 128, 1762 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Fujimoto and W.D. Kingery, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 68, 169 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. I. Burn and S. Neirman, J. Mater. Sci. 17, 3510 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Mackor and G. Blasse, Chem. Phys. Lett. 77, 6 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. S. Shirasaki, H. Haneda, K. Arai, and M. Fujimoto, J. Mater. Sci. 22, 4439 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. Klerk and P.J.H. Sanders, Advances in Ceramics, Vol. 1, ed. L.M. Levinson (Westerville, OH: Amer. Ceram. Soc., 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  7. I. Burn and S. Neirman, J. Mater. Sci. 17, 3510 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. U. Balachandran and N.G. Eror, J. Electrochem. Soc.: Solid-State Sci. Tech. 129, 1021 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Fujimoto and W.D. Kingery, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 68, 169 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. A.G. Sarkisyan, V.M. Arutyunyan, V.E. Melikyan, and E.V. Putnyn, Elektrokhimiya 22, 511 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Matsumura, M. Hiramoto, and H. Tsubomura, J. Electrochem. Soc. 130, 326 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. P.E.C. Franken, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 64, 687 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. G. Goodman, Advances in Ceramics, Vol. 1, ed. L.M. Levinson (Westerville, OH: American Ceram. Soc., 1981), pp. 215–231.

    Google Scholar 

  14. K. Uchino, Mater. Sci. Forum 62, 251 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  15. T. Tuchiya, T. Kawano, T. Sei, and J. Hatano, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 98, 743 (1990).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. G. Pfaff, J. Mat. Chem. 3, 721 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. H. Salze, P. Odier, and B. Cales, J. of Non-Cryst. Solids 82, 314 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. P.P. Phule and S.H. Risbud, Adv. Ceram. Mater. 3, 183 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Doeuff, M. Henry, C. Sanchez, and J. Livage, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 89, 206 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. P.P. Phule and S.H. Risbud, Mater. Sci. and Eng. B 3, 241 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. D. Hennings, G. Rosentein, and H. Schreinemacher, J. of the European Ceram. Soc. 8, 107 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. G. Pfaff, Chem. Mater. 6, 58 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J.M. Wilson and D.L. Coller, U.S. Patent 4,670,243 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  24. C.F. Kao and W.D. Yang, Mater. Sci. and Eng. B 38, 127 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. P.P. Phule and S.H. Risbud, Mater. Sci. and Eng. B 3, 241 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. F. Chaput and J.P. Boilot, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 6, 1110 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. B. Samuneva, D. Jambazov, D. Lepkova, and Y. Dimitriev, Ceram. Int’l. 16, 355 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. S.N. Ruddlesdon and P. Popper, Acta Crystallogr. 11, 54 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. K.R. Udayakumar and A.N. Cormack, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 71, C-469 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  30. C.F. Kao and W.D. Yang, Mater. Trans. JIM 37, 142 (1996).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. N.R. Armstrong and R.K. Quinn, Surface Sci. 67, 451 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. W.D. Yang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A262, 148 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. G. Rocker and W. Gopel, Surface Sci. 18, 530 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. P.V. Nagarkar, P.C. Searson, and F.D. Gealy, III, J. Appl. Phys. 69, 459 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. M.E. Pilleux, C.R. Grahmann, and V.M. Fuenzalida, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 77, 1601 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M.E. Levin, M. Salmeron, A.T. Bell, and G.A. Somorjai, Surface Sci. 195, 429 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. S. Waku, NTT Res. Appl. Rept. 16, 975 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. M.V. Raymond and V.R.W. Amarakoon, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 73, 1308 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Kaohsiung Institute of Technology, 80807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Wein-Duo Yang

Authors
  1. Wein-Duo Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yang, WD. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrical properties studies of Nb-doped strontium titanate ceramics prepared from titanyl acylate precursors. J. Electron. Mater. 28, 986–995 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-999-0209-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-999-0209-5

Key words

Search

Navigation