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Enhanced Electrical Transport Properties of Beetroot Dye-Based Thin Film in Presence of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

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Abstract

In order to reduce electronic waste, scientists are looking for alternative biodegradable, eco-friendly, non-conventional electronic materials suitable for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we have studied the conductivity of beetroot (BR) dye at room temperature in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. The dye has been extracted from red beetroot (Beta vulgaris), a rich source of a water-soluble, red-colored pigment known as betanin. Solid-state thin films of this dye with ITO-coated glass/BR dye/Aluminum (Al), and ITO-coated glass/BR dye + TiO2/Al structure have been fabricated using spin-coating. Steady-state dark I–V characteristics have been measured, and, from these data, the trap energy and trap factor have been estimated. The conductivity of the dye increases significantly in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. It has been observed that, due to the incorporation of the nanoparticles, the conductivity increases from 6.16 × 10−9 (Ω cm)− 1 to 2.03 × 10−8 (Ω cm)− 1. Trap energy is reduced from 2.06 eV to 1.53 eV and trap factor increased from 0.103 to 0.111, respectively, with the incorporation of nanoparticles. Generally, the trapping of charge carriers plays a major role in organic herbal dye. It is expected that, due to the incorporation of nanoparticles, charge trapping is reduced, which results in the lowering of trap energy and the increment of the trap factor. Nanoparticles act as fillers. Effective mobility was also estimated, and it was found that it increases from 1.236 × 10−4 cm2 v−1 s−1 to 4.069 × 10−4 cm2 v−1 s−1. The findings will be informative when using herbal dye-based thin film devices for future applications.

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Acknowledgments

I sincerely express my gratitude to the Govt. of West Bengal for providing me with fellowship (Reg. No. WBP228211392295). I also acknowledge my colleagues for their constant support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Subhra Rakshit, Arnab Kanti Karan & N. B. Manik

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  1. Subhra Rakshit
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  2. Arnab Kanti Karan
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Contributions

Subhra Rakshit: Writing—review & editing, Writing—original draft, Software, Resources, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. Arnab Kanti Karan: Visualization, Software, Formal analysis. N B Manik: Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Validation, Supervision.

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Correspondence to Subhra Rakshit.

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Rakshit, S., Karan, A.K. & Manik, N.B. Enhanced Electrical Transport Properties of Beetroot Dye-Based Thin Film in Presence of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. J. Electron. Mater. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11101-0

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