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Characterization of Mössbauer and Superparamagnetic Properties in Maghemite Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Sol–Gel Method

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Abstract

Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol–gel process with (Fe(NO3)3 9H2O) as a starting material and annealed in an Ar/H2 (5%) balanced gas atmosphere. According to x-ray analysis, the average particle size was found to be 7.0 nm with a narrow size distribution for samples annealed at 150°C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis also confirmed a particle size of 7.2 nm. The structural and magnetic properties were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and were found to have a spinel structure and exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. TEM was carried out to monitor the size and morphology of the particles. The hyperfine fields at 4.2 K for the A and B sites were determined to be 509 kOe and 476 kOe, respectively. The isomer shift values were δB = 0.36 mm/s and δA = 0.32 mm/s, which both correspond to Fe3+. Since magnetite (Fe3O4) has Fe2+ and maghemite has only Fe3+, it can be seen from the Mössbauer result that the powder heat-treated at 150°C is maghemite. The blocking temperature (TB) of the superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles was approximately 167 ± 5 K. The magnetic anisotropy constant was calculated to be 1.4 × 106 ergs/cm3. The coercivity value at 0 K was calculated as HCO = 174.5 Oe.

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Acknowledgments

The author would like thank Prof. Chul Sung Kim in Kookmin University for helping in Mössbauer measurements. This paper is written with support for research funding from aSSIST University.

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  1. Seoul School of Integrated Sciences and Technologies (aSSIST), 46 Ewhayeodae 2-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03767, Republic of Korea

    Sung Yong An

  2. Franklin University Switzerland, Via Ponte Tresa 29, 6924, Sorengo, Switzerland

    Sung Yong An

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An, S.Y. Characterization of Mössbauer and Superparamagnetic Properties in Maghemite Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Sol–Gel Method. J. Electron. Mater. 52, 6308–6315 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-023-10569-6

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