Skip to main content
Log in

Study on the Enhancement of Light Intensity and High Color Rendering Index of a White Light Emitting Diode

  • Original Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Electronic Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, there are two objectives had been done. The first involved the fabrication of a white light emitting diode (LED) with a high color rendering index (CRI) through the near-ultraviolet excitation of red, green, and blue phosphors, and the phosphor ratios were adjusted to obtain a color temperature of 2800 K. Due to this LED had relatively low brightness, the addition of gold nanoparticles at various concentrations had been done to enhance light reflection within the LED, thereby improving the light output. The nanoparticle diameters were measured through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the chromaticity coordinates, CRI, luminous flux, and radiation power of the light source were measured using an integrating sphere. Finally, a white LED with a high CRI and a high light intensity was successfully developed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

References

  1. W.D. Wright, A re-determination of the mixture curves of the spectrum. Trans. Opt. Soc. London 31, 210 (1930).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. L. Ferrari, J.S.T. Smalley, H. Qian, A. Tanaka, D. Lu, S. Dayeh, Y. Fainman, and Z. Liu, Design and analysis of blue InGaN/GaN plasmonic LED for high-speed, high-efficiency optical communications. ACS Photonics 5, 3557 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Guild, The colorimetric properties of the spectrum. Philos. R. Soc. London Ser. A 230, 149 (1931).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. G. Zhang, X. Guo, F.F. Ren, Y. Li, B. Liu, J. Ye, H. Ge, Z. Xie, R. Zhang, H.H. Tan, and C. Jagadish, High-brightness Polarized green InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode structure with Al-coated p-GaN grating. ACS Photonics 3, 1912 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. K. Okamoto, M. Funato, Y. Kawakami, and K. Tamada, High-efficiency light emission by means of exciton–surfaceplasmon coupling. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C 32, 58 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. K.R. Gegenfurtner and L.T. Sharpe, Color vision : from genes to perception (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  7. F. Liu, C. Ding, Y.H. Zhang, T.S. Ripolles, and T. Kamisaka, Colloidal synthesis of air-stable alloyed CsSn1–xPbxI3 perovskite nanocrystals for use in solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 16708 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. G. Wyszecki and W.S. Stiles, Color science, 2nd ed., (New York: Wiley, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  9. M.C. Beard, A.G. Midgett, M. Law, O.E. Semonin, and R.J. Ellingson, Variations in the quantum efficiency of multiple exciton generation for a series of chemically treated PbSe nanocrystal films. Nano Lett. 9, 836 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Pan, Y.Q. Shang, J. Yin, M. De Bastiani, and W. Peng, Bidentate ligand-passivated CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals for stable near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield and efficient red light-emitting diodes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 562 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. A. Fadil, D. Iida, Y. Chen, Y. Ou, S. Kamiyama, and H. Ou, Influence of near-field coupling from Ag surface plasmons on InGaN/GaN quantum-well photoluminescence. J. Lumin. 175, 213 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. H.Y. Chou, T.H. Hsu, T.H. Yang, Institute of Optical Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, 320, Taiwan, ”Effective Method for Improving Illuminating Properties of White-Light LEDs”, SPIE Vol. 5739 (2005).

  13. Y.-F. Yao, C.-H. Lin, C.-Y. Chao, W.-Y. Chang, C.-Y. Su, C.-G. Tu, Y.-W. Kiang, and C.C. Yang, Coupling of a light-emitting diode with surface plasmon polariton or localized surface plasmon induced on surface silver gratings of different geometries. Opt. Express 26, 9205 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. H. Wu, X. Zhang, C. Guo, J. Xu, M. Wu, and Q. Su, Three-band white light from InGaN-based blue LED chip precoated with green/red phosphors. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17, 1160 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. J. Tatebayashi, T. Yamada, T. Inaba, D. Timmerman, S. Ichikawa, and Y. Fujiwara, Localized-surface-plasmonenhanced GaN:Eu-based red light-emitting diodes utilizing silver nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. Express 12, 095003 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Z.Q. Yang, W.W. Chen, Z.Q. Zu, Z.G. Zang, and Y.C. Yang, Facile synthesis and photoluminescence characterization of AgInZnS hollow nanoparticles. Mater. Lett. 151, 89 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. C.-H. Lin, C.-Y. Su, Y.-F. Yao, M.-Y. Su, H.-C. Chiang, M.-C. Tsai, W.-H. Liu, C.-G. Tu, Y.-W. Kiang, C.C. Yang, F.-W. Huang, C.-L. Lee, and T.-C. Hsu, Further emission efficiency improvement of a commercial-quality light-emitting diode through surface plasmon coupling. Opt. Lett. 43, 5631 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Brust, D. Bethell, C.J. Kiely, and D.J. Schiffrin, Self-assembled gold nanoparticle. thin films with nonmetallic optical and electronic properties. Langumuir 14, 5425 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. L. Sun, S. Zhang, F. Liu, and M. Han, Influence of localized surface plasmons on carrier dynamics in InGaN/GaN quantum wells covered with Ag nanoparticles for enhanced photoluminescence. Superlattices Microstruct. 86, 418 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. C.-Y. Cho, and S.-J. Park, Enhanced optical output and reduction of the quantum-confined Stark effect in surface plasmon-enhanced green light-emitting diodes with gold nanoparticles. Opt. Express 24, 7488 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. R. Wan, S. Zhang, Z. Liu, X. Yi, L. Wang, J. Wang, J. Li, W. Zhu, and J. Li, Simultaneously improve the luminous efficiency and color-rendering index of GaN-based white-light-emitting diodes using metal localized surface plasmon resonance. Opt. Lett. 44, 4155 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. F. Auer, M. Scotti, A. Ulman, R. Jordan, B. Sellergren, J. Garno, and G.-Y. Liu, Nanocomposites by electrostatic interactions of functionalized nanoparticles on charged self-assemble layers. Langumuir 16, 7554 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Y. Chen, Y. Feng, Z. Chen, F. Jiao, J. Zhan, Y. Chen, J. Nie, Z. Pan, X. Kang, S. Li, Q. Wang, S. Zhang, G. Zhang, and B. Shen, Study on electron-induced surface plasmon coupling with quantum well using a perturbation method. Nanomaterials 10, 913 (2020).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. H.L. Zhang, S.D. Evans, and J.R. Henderson, Spectroscopic ellipsometric evaluation of gold nanoparticle thin films fabricated using layer-by-layer self-assembly. Adv. Mater. 15, 531 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Z. Liu, C. Lee, V. Narayanan, G. Pei, and E.C. Kan, Metal nanocrystal memorise – Part I device design and fabrication. IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 49, 1606 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Y.-T. Wang, C.-W. Liu, P.-Y. Chen, R.-N. Wu, C.-C. Ni, C.-J. Cai, Y.-W. Kiang, and C.C. Yang, Color conversion efficiency enhancement of colloidal quantum dot through its linkage with synthesized metal nanoparticle on a blue light-emitting diode. Opt. Lett. 44, 5691 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. K. Tateishi, P. Wang, S. Ryuzaki, M. Funato, Y. Kawakami, K. Okamoto, and K. Tamada, Micro-photoluminescence mapping of surface plasmon enhanced light emissions from InGaN/GaN quantum wells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 172105 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. J.Y. Kim, Y.H. Cho, T.H. Chung, Y.J. Jang, W.H. Kim, S. Bang, A. Lee, M.S. Jeong, J.H. Ryou, and M.K. Kwon, Localized surface plasmon-enhanced transparent conducting electrode for high-efficiency light emitting diode. Mater. Lett. 271, 127790 (2020).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ali H. A.L.-Hamdani, R.A. Madlool, N.Z. Abdulazeez, Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Size on the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties. in The 8th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology (ICAST 2020), Conference Proceedings 2290, 050029 (2020).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

YSL and SHS conceived and designed the experiments. SHH, HD and JSH performed the experiments and collected the measurement data. YSL and SHS analyzed the data and plotted the figures. YSL polished the figures, wrote and polished the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yen-Sheng Lin.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hu, SH., Lin, YS., Su, SH. et al. Study on the Enhancement of Light Intensity and High Color Rendering Index of a White Light Emitting Diode. J. Electron. Mater. 52, 270–275 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09983-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09983-z

Keywords

Navigation