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CTAB-Regulated Synthesis of Hexagonal K3V3(PO4)4·H2O Polyanionic Materials as Anodes for Na-Ion Batteries

  • Topical Collection: Advanced Metal Ion Batteries
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Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted industrial and academic interest due to the low cost of sodium (Na) resources and their good electrochemical performance. However, exploring advanced anode materials with a robust framework and appropriate crystallographic sites remains a great challenge. This work adopts a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method to synthesize hydrated vanadium (VIII) phosphate [K3V3(PO4)4·H2O, KVP] with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as template agent. CTAB not only helps to improve the crystallinity of KVP, with high purity, but also regulates the KVP particles, with a hexagonal microstructure. Benefiting from the unique microstructure with high phase purity and the excellent electrical conductivity imbued by CTAB carbonization, the synthesized KVP and CTAB (KVP-CTAB) electrode delivers superior reversible specific capability (139.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C at the first cycle) and better rate capability (70.5 mAh g−1 at 5 C after 3000 cycles). Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique reveal minimized polarization, smaller impedance, and faster diffusion kinetics of the KVP-CTAB electrode compared with the KVP-P electrode. Ex situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements further reveal that the electrochemical mechanism is a reversible intercalation-conversion reaction of sodium ions. This work shows that KVP can serve as an appropriate anode material for SIBs, and also offers new insights into the design and preparation of hydrated vanadium phosphate composites, demonstrating the feasibility of adopting Na-free KVP polyanions as a robust framework for the advanced anode in SIBs.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21905058, 21901047) and Guangdong University of Technology Hundred Talents Program (No. 220418136). The authors thank Dr. Wu Qiguang of GDUT Analysis and Test Center for his assistance during the TEM measurement. The authors would like to thank Yaping Li from Shiyanjia Lab (www.shiyanjia.com) for the XPS measurement and analysis.

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  1. School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China

    Tao Tao, Yiqi Wang, Handong Peng, Jiarong He & Zhipeng Sun

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Tao, T., Wang, Y., Peng, H. et al. CTAB-Regulated Synthesis of Hexagonal K3V3(PO4)4·H2O Polyanionic Materials as Anodes for Na-Ion Batteries. J. Electron. Mater. 51, 6615–6625 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09907-x

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