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Ellipsometric Investigations of Electronic Polarizability and Thermo-optic Coefficients of ZxMoO3 (Z = H+, Li+) Bronzes

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Abstract

We have measured mass densities, thermo-optic coefficients, and electronic polarizability of MoO3 thin films and of HxMoO3 and LixMoO3 bronze thin films over the temperature range from 100 K to 373 K using ellipsometry. The mass densities of MoO3 and molybdenum bronzes with different concentrations (x) changed from 3.76 g/cm3 to 2.45 g/cm3 during the heating and cooling cycles. Thermo-optic coefficients (TOCs) or dn/dT and dk/dT values of the molybdenum bronzes were found to have anomalous dispersion in the heating cycles over the range 295–373 K. On the other hand, the values of dn/dT for MoO3 thin films and for ZxMoO3 bronzes were found to be negative and positive, respectively over the temperature range 100–295 K and were on the order of 10−4 K−1. The respective values of dk/dT were found to be positive and negative and were on the order of 10−4 K−1 in the same temperature range. A little increase in the values of TOCs for the molybdenum bronzes is due to small increase in electronic polarizability, which was calculated in the range from 8.20 to 8.22 × 10−24 cm3 over the temperature range 100–373 K. All these small values are due to creation of more amorphousness in the MoO3 structure during the cooling cycles. The n and k data and TOCs values of molybdenum bronzes are explained using analytical model. The reported ellipsometric data is also interpreted in terms of small-polarons and bipolarons using configurational coordinate model.

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Acknowledgments

This piece of research was done in the EEE department at Imperial College London by private funding. The author would like to thank the staff and the technicians of the EEE laboratories for their help with the various fabrication techniques.

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  1. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2BT, UK

    Zahid Hussain

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Hussain, Z. Ellipsometric Investigations of Electronic Polarizability and Thermo-optic Coefficients of ZxMoO3 (Z = H+, Li+) Bronzes. J. Electron. Mater. 48, 7427–7440 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07548-1

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