Abstract
In automotive exhaust-based thermoelectric generators (AETEGs), a certain number of thermoelectric modules are connected in series and/or parallel to recover energy from exhaust gas, which provides a way to improve fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Because of the temperature distribution on the surfaces of heat exchanger, several types of modules are planned for use in an AETEG; however, property disparities among modules exist and wire resistance cannot be neglected in practical application, so experiments have been carried out to research effects of the two factors on the maximum output power of series and parallel connection. The performance of series and parallel connections have been characterized, and mathematic models have been built to analyze and predict the performance of each connection. Experiments and theoretical analysis reveal that parallel connection shows a better performance than series connection when large differences of Seebeck coefficient and resistivity exist. However, wire resistance will cause more significant power dissipation in parallel connection. The authors believe the research presented in this paper is the first to carry out an examination of the impact of module property disparity and wire resistance on the output power of an array of thermoelectric modules connected in series and parallel, which provides a reference for choosing module connection in AETEGs.
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Abbreviations
- a :
-
Ratio of electrical resistivity of two modules
- b :
-
Ratio of Seebeck coefficient of two modules
- L :
-
Length of a thermocouple pellet (m)
- n :
-
Number of thermocouples
- P out :
-
Output power (W)
- P :
-
Maximum output power (W)
- P wire :
-
Power which the wires dissipate (W)
- P* :
-
P − P wire, maximum actual output power (W)
- R :
-
Module internal resistance (Ω)
- R in :
-
Generator internal resistance (Ω)
- R L :
-
Electrical load resistance (Ω)
- r :
-
Wire resistance (Ω)
- S :
-
Cross-section area of a thermocouple pellet (m2)
- T :
-
Temperature (K)
- U :
-
Module open circuit voltage (V)
- ΔT :
-
Temperature difference (K)
- \({\alpha}\) :
-
Seebeck coefficient (V/K)
- \({\rho}\) :
-
Electrical resistivity (Ωm)
- η :
-
Efficiency
- H:
-
Hot side
- C:
-
Cold side
- P:
-
p-Type
- N:
-
n-Type
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Acknowledgement
This work was funded by Grant No. 2013CB632505 from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) and supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WUT142207005).
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Deng, Y.D., Zheng, S.J., Su, C.Q. et al. Effect of Thermoelectric Modules’ Topological Connection on Automotive Exhaust Heat Recovery System. J. Electron. Mater. 45, 1740–1750 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-4194-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-4194-6