Room-temperature die-attach bonding using ultrasonic energy was evaluated on Cu/In and Cu/Sn-3Ag metal stacks. The In and Sn-3Ag layers have much lower melting temperatures than the base material (Cu) and can be melted through the heat generated during ultrasonic bonding, forming intermetallic compounds (IMCs). Samples were bonded using different ultrasonic powers, bonding times, and forces and subsequently aged at 300°C for 500 h. After aging, die shear testing was performed and the fracture surfaces were inspected by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the shear strength of Cu/In joints reached an upper plateau after 100 h of thermal aging and remained stable with aging time, whereas that of the Cu/Sn-3Ag joints decreased with increasing aging time. η-Cu7In4 and (Cu,Au)11In9 IMCs were observed at the Cu/In joint, while Cu3Sn and (Ag,Cu)3Sn IMCs were found at the Cu/Sn-3Ag joint after reliability testing. As Cu-based IMCs have high melting temperatures, they are highly suitable for use in high-temperature electronics, but can be formed at room temperature using an ultrasonic approach.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
V. Manikam and K.Y. Cheong, IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf. Technol. 1, 4 (2011).
R.W. Johnson, High Temperature Electronics (New York: Wiley, 1998).
R. Kisiel and Z. Szczepanski, Microelectron. Reliab. 49, 6 (2009).
N.S. Bosco and F.W. Zok, Acta Mater. 52, 2965 (2004).
J. Li, L. Han, J. Duan, and J. Zhong, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 242902 (2007).
J. Li, J. Duan, and L. Han, Mater. Charact. 58, 2 (2007).
J.B. Lee, J.G. Lee, J.L. Jo, J.M. Koo, C.K. Chun, and S.B. Jung, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48, 07GA08 (2009).
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the Singapore Science and Research Council (SERC, Grant No. 102 165 0081) for financial support through the innovation consortium ‘‘Rugged Electronics’’ program.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, JB., Aw, JL. & Rhee, MW. Evaluation of Die-Attach Bonding Using High-Frequency Ultrasonic Energy for High-Temperature Application. J. Electron. Mater. 43, 3317–3323 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-014-3210-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-014-3210-6