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Growth of High-Density Self-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers Using Palladium Catalyst

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Abstract

In this paper we demonstrate vertical self-aligned growth of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) using 1 nm of Pd as the catalyst material. Results were compared with those obtained using traditional catalysts (Co, Fe, and Ni). Pd is of interest as it has been demonstrated to be an excellent material for electrical contact to nanotubes. CNT were grown using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at 450°C to 500°C and using atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) between 450°C and 640°C. The results were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. High-density (1011 cm−2 to 1012 cm−2) self-aligned CNT growth was obtained using APCVD and Pd as the catalyst, while Co and Fe resulted in random growth. TEM revealed that the CNT grown by Pd with PECVD form large bundles of tubes, while Ni forms large-diameter CNF. It was found that the CNT grown using Pd or Ni are of low quality compared with those grown by Co and Fe.

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank STW for funding the project and Dr. Kenneth Teo at AIXTRON for support with the CNT growth. Furthermore, we thank Marco van der Krogt of the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience for the deposition of the metals using e-beam evaporation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM), Delft Institute of Microsystems and Nanoelectronics (DIMES), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    S. Vollebregt, J. Derakhshandeh, R. Ishihara & C. I. M. Beenakker

  2. National Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Delft Institute of Microsystems and Nanoelectronics (DIMES), Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Faculty of Applied Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    M. Y. Wu

  3. Delft Institute of Microsystems and Nanoelectronics (DIMES), Feldmannweg 17, 2628 CT, Delft, The Netherlands

    S. Vollebregt

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  1. S. Vollebregt
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  2. J. Derakhshandeh
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  3. R. Ishihara
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  4. M. Y. Wu
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  5. C. I. M. Beenakker
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Correspondence to S. Vollebregt.

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Vollebregt, S., Derakhshandeh, J., Ishihara, R. et al. Growth of High-Density Self-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers Using Palladium Catalyst. J. Electron. Mater. 39, 371–375 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-010-1094-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-010-1094-7

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