We have previously shown that small additions of the rare-earth (RE) element La to Sn-Ag-Cu alloys significantly increases their ductility, without significant loss in the overall strength. However, due to the high reactivity of La with oxygen, oxidation of the La-containing phases can affect the mechanical performance of the solder. In this work, we have investigated the effect of the addition of 2 wt.% Ce, La and Y on the oxidation behavior of Sn-3.9Ag-0.7Cu. Oxidation kinetics were established by heating samples in ambient air to 60°C, 95°C or 130°C for up to 250 h. Microstructural characterization of the samples, before and after oxidation, was conducted in order to determine the influence of RE-containing phases on the oxidation kinetics. The oxidation mechanism, including the phenomenon of Sn whiskering during oxidation, is also discussed.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge financial support for this research from the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) under Contract # 2005-KJ-1286 (Dr. Scott List, Program Manager, and Drs. M. Renavikar, P. Brofman, and K. Zeng, industrial liaisons). The authors also thank David Wright from the Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University for his assistance with sealing the ampoules, and Dr. Jason Williams for useful discussions on the oxidation behavior of rare-earth elements.
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Dudek, M., Chawla, N. Oxidation Behavior of Rare-Earth-Containing Pb-Free Solders. J. Electron. Mater. 38, 210–220 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0544-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0544-y