Abstract
In this study, the increase mechanism of the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) work function (φw) by KrF excimer laser irradiation was investigated. From the observed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results and four-point probe measurements, it is suggested that the surface chemical changes and the laser irradiation time had strong effects on the φw of ITO. Incorporation of oxygen atoms near the ITO surface during laser irradiation induced a peroxidic ITO surface, increasing φw. The induced increase of the ITO φw by laser irradiation could be useful for the enhancement of the hole injection in organic light emitting diodes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C.W. Tang and S.A. VanSlyke, Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 913 (1987).
H. Burroughes, D.D.C. Bradley, A.R. Brown, R.N. Marks, K. Mackay, R.H. Friend, P.L. Burns, and A.B. Holmes, Nature (London) 347, 539 (1990).
K.H. Lee, H.W. Jang, K.B. Kim, Y.H. Tak, and J.L. Lee, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 586 (2004).
C.C. Wu, C.I. Wu, J.C. Strum, and A. Kahn, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 1348 (1997).
M.G. Mason, L.S. Hung, C.W. Tang, S.T. Lee, K.W. Wong, and M. Wang, J. Appl. Phys. 86, 1688 (1999).
A.L. Swint and P.W. Bohn, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 61 (2004).
D.J. Milliron, I.G. Hill, C. Shen, A. Kahn, and J. Schwartz, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 572 (2000).
F. Nuesch, L.J. Rothberg, E.W. Forsythe, Q.T. Le, and Y. Gao, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 880 (1999).
J.C.C. Fan and J.B. Goodenough, J. Appl. Phys. 48, 3524 (1977).
M. Mizuno, T. Miyamoto, T. Ohnishi, and H. Hayashi, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 36, 3408 (1997).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lin, YJ., Hsu, CW., Chen, YM. et al. Increase mechanism of indium-tin-oxide work function by KrF excimer laser irradiation. J. Electron. Mater. 34, L9–L11 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-005-0220-4
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-005-0220-4