Skip to main content
Log in

GaAs-based 1.3 µm InGaAs quantum dot lasers: A status report

  • Special Issue Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Electronic Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We review the present status of InGaAs quantum dot lasers on GaAs sub-strates emitting near and at 1.3 µm. Such lasers are shown to be extremely promising for cost-efficient commercial applications in optical fiber communication. Threshold current densities a low as ∼20 Acm−2 per QD sheet are achieved. Room temperature continuous wave operation at 2.7 W for broad stripe devices is demonstrated. The maximum differential efficiency amounts to 57%. Moreover, single lateral mode continuous wave operation with a maximum output power of 110 mW is realized. Prospects for 1.3 µm GaAs-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers are given. We also show that the longest wavelength of QD GaAs-based light emitting devices can be potentially extended to 1.7 µm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S. Seki, H. Oohasi, H. Sugiura, T. Hirono, and K. Yokoyama, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 2192 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. B.B. Elenkrig, S. Smetona, J.G. Simmons, T. Makino, and J.D. Evans, J. Appl. Phys. 85, 2367 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. N.M. Margalit, D.I. Babic, K. Streubel, R.P. Mirin, D.E. Mars, J.E. Bowers, and E.L. Hu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 471 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. K. Nakahara, M. Kondow, T. Kitatani, M.C. Larson, and K. Uomi, IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 10, 487 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. A.Yu. Egorov, D. Bernklau, D. Livshits, V. Ustinov, Zh.I. Alferov, and H. Riechert, Electron. Lett. 35, 1643 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. D. Bimberg, M. Grundmann, and N.N. Ledentsov, Quantum Dot Heterostructures (Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  7. N.N. Ledentsov, Future Trends in Microelectronics, ed. S. Luryi, J. Xu, and A. Zaslavski (Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons, 1999), pp. 223–236.

    Google Scholar 

  8. M.V. Maximov et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2347 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. H. Saito, K. Nishi, and S. Sugou, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2742 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. L.V. Asryan and R.A. Suris, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 34, 841 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. L.V. Asryan and R.A. Suris, Electron. Lett. 33, 1871 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. L.V. Asryan and R.A. Suris, IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. 3, 148 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. L.V. Asryan and R.A. Suris, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 11, 554 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Grundmann and D. Bimberg, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 4181 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Mukai, O. Nobuyuki, S. Mitsuru, and S. Yamzaki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33, L1710 (1994).

  16. I.V. Kochnev et al., Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser., No 155 (Bristol, U.K. and Philadelphia, PA: Inst. of Physics Publ., 1997), pp. 837–840.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Nishi, H. Saito, S. Sugou, and J. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1224 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. K. Mukai and M. Sugawara, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 3963 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. K. Mukai, N. Ohtsuka, H. Shoji, and M. Sugawara, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 3013 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M.V. Maximov et al. [3rd Int. Conf. Low Dimensional Structures and Devices (LDSD99) Antalya, Turkey, 15–17 September 1999], to be published in Microelectronics Journal.

  21. M.V. Maximov et al. [9th Int. Conf. Modulated Semiconductor Structures (MSS9), 12–16 July 1999, Fukuoka, Japan], to be published in Phys. E.

  22. V.M. Ustinov et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2815 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. V. Volovik et al., Semiconductors 33, 901 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Y.M. Shernyakov et al., Electron. Lett. 35, 898 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. A.E. Zhukov et al., Semicond. Sci. Technol. 14, 575 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. E. Zhukov et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1926 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. E. Zhukov et al., IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11, 1345 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. G.T. Liu, A. Stintz, H. Li, K.J. Malloy, and L.F. Lester, Electron. Lett. 35, 1163 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. L.F. Lester, A. Stintz, H. Li, C. Newell, E.A. Pease, B.A. Fuchs, and K.J. Malloy, IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 11, 931 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. D.L. Huffaker and D.G. Deppe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 520 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Z. Zou, O.B. Shchekin, G. Park, D.L. Huffaker, and D.G. Deppe, IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 10, 1673 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. G. Park, O.B. Shchekin, D.L. Huffaker, and D.G. Deppe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3351 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. G. Park, O.B. Shchekin, D.L. Huffaker, and D.G. Deppe, submitted to IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett.

  34. G. Park, O.B. Shchekin, S. Csutak, and D.G. Deppe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 3267 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. G. Park, D.L. Huffaker, Z. Zou, O.B. Shchekin, and D.G. Deppe, IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 11, 301 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. D.G. Deppe, D.L. Huffaker, S. Csutak, Z. Zou, G. Park, and O.B. Shchekin, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 35, 1238 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. D.L. Huffaker, G. Park, Z. Zou, O.B. Shchekin, and D.G. Deppe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2564 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Krishna, J. Xu, D. Zhu, K. Linder, O. Qasaimeh, P. Bhattacharya, and D.L. Huffaker, J. Appl. Phys. 86, 6135 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. V.G. Malyshkin and V.A. Shchukin, Semiconductors 27, 1062 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  40. I.P. Ipatova, V.G. Malyshkin, A.A. Maradudin, V.A. Shchukin, and R.F. Wallis, Proc. 23rd Int. Symp. on Compound Semiconductors (St. Petersburg, Russia: Inst. Phys., 1996), p. 323; Phys. Rev. B 57, 12968 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  41. V.A. Shchukin and A.N. Starodubtsev, Proc. 26th Int. Symp. on Compound Semiconductors (New York: Amer. Inst. Physics, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  42. J.E. Guyer and P.W. Voorhees, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4031 (1995); Phys. Rev. B 54, 11710 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. F. Léonard and R.C. Desai, Phys. Rev. B 57, 4805 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. V.A. Shchukin, D. Bimberg, V.G. Malyshkin, and N.N. Ledentsov, Phys. Rev. B 57, 12262 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. O. Stier, M. Grundmann, and D. Bimberg, Phys. Rev. B 59, 5688 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. M.V. Maximov et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. part 1, 36, 4221 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. A.F. Tsatsul’nikov et al., Proc. 26th Int. Symp. on Compound Semiconductors (New York: Amer. Inst. Physics, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  48. G.E. Tsyrlin, A.O. Golubok, S. Ya. Tipisev and N.N. Ledentsov, Semiconductors 29, 884 (1995); Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodn. 29, 1697 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  49. G.M. Guryanov et al., Surf. Sci. 331–333, 414 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. R.P. Mirin, J.P. Ibbetson, K. Nishi, A.C. Gossard, and J.E. Bowers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 3795 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. J.C. Campbell, D.L. Huffaker, H. Deng, and D.G. Deppe, Electron. Lett. 33, 1337 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. D.L. Huffaker, G. Park, Z. Zou, O.B. Shchekin, and D.G. Depper, submitted to J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electron.

  53. N.N. Ledentsov et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 2888 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. H. Saito, K. Nishi, Y. Sugimoto, and S. Sugou, Electron. Lett. 35, 1561 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. K. Mukai, Y. Nakata, K. Otsubo, M. Sugawara, N. Yokoyama, and H. Ishikawa, IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 11, 1205 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. P.N. Brunkov et al., J. Electron. Mater. 28, 486 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. P.N. Brunkov, A. Polimeni, S.T. Stoddart, M. Henini, L. Eaves, P.C. Main, A.R. Kovsh, Yu.G. Musikhin, and S.G. Konnikov, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 1092 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. J.M. Dallesasse, N. Holonyak, Jr., A.R. Sugg, T.A. Richard, and N. El-Zein, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 2844 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. M.V. Maximov et al., Electron. Lett. accepted.

  60. A. Oster, G. Erbert, and H. Wenzel, Electron. Lett. 33, 864 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. M. Asada, Y. Miyamoto, and Y. Suematsu, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-22, 1915 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Y. Arakawa and H. Sakaki, Appl. Phys. Lett. 40, 939, (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. M.V. Maximov et al., Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Nanostructures: Physics and Technology (St. Petersburg, Russia: Ioffe Institute, 1999), pp. 135–138.

    Google Scholar 

  64. D.J. Bossert and D. Gallant, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 8, 322 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. N.K. Dutta, W.S. Hobson, D. Vakhshoori, H. Han, P.N. Freeman, J.F. Dejong, and J. Lopata, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 8, 825 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. D. Bimberg, N. Kirstaedter, N.N. Ledentsov, Zh.I. Alferov, P.S. Kop’ev, and V.M. Ustinov, IEEE J. Select. Top. Quant. Electron. 3, 196 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. T.C. Newell, D.J. Bossert, A. Stintz, B. Fuchs, K.J. Malloy, and L.F. Lester, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. accepted.

  68. R. Schur, F. Sogawa, M. Nishioka, S. Ishida, and Y. Arakawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L357 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  69. H. Saito, K. Nishi, I. Ogura, S. Sugou, and Y. Sugimoto, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3140 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. D.L. Huffaker, O. Baklenov, L.A. Graham, B.G. Streetman, and D.G. Deppe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 2356 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. J.A. Lott, N.N. Ledentsov, V.M. Ustinov, A.Yu. Egorov, A.E. Zhukov, P.S. Kop’ev, Zh.I. Alferov, and D. Bimberg, Electron. Lett. 33, 1150 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. D.L. Huffaker, H. Deng, and D.G. Deppe, IEEE Phot. Tech. Lett. 10, 185 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. N.N. Ledentsov, V.M. Ustinov, A. Yu. Egorov, A.E. Zhukov, M.V. Maximov, I.G. Tabatadze, and P.S. Kop’ev, Semiconductors 28, 832 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  74. N. Kirstaedter et al., Electron. Lett. 30, 1416 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. V.M. Ustinov et al., Optoelectronic Materials: Ordering, Composition Modulation, and Self-Assembled Structures, ed. E.D. Jones, A. Mascarehas, and P. Petroff (Pittsburgh, PA: MRS, 1996), pp. 141–146.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Zh.I. Alferov et al., Semiconductors 30, 194 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Kamath, P. Bhattacharya, T. Sosnowski, T. Norris, and J. Phillips, Electron. Lett. 32, 1374 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. N.N. Ledentsov et al., Phys. Rev. B 54, 8743 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. V.M. Ustinov et al., J. Cryst. Growth 175/176, 689 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. H. Shoji, Y. Nakata, K. Mukai, Y. Sugiyama, M. Sugawara, N. Yokoyama, and H. Ishikawa, Electron. Lett. 32, 2023 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. F. Heinrichsdorff, M.-H. Mao, N. Kirstaedter, A. Krost, and D. Bimberg, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 22 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Yu.M. Shernyakov et al., Pis’ma v Zh. Tekhn. Fiziki 24, 50 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  83. M.V. Maximov et al., Proc. ICPS24, ed. D. Gershoni (River Edge, NJ: World Scientific, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  84. A.R. Kovsh et al., Electron. Lett. 35, 1161 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. M. Grundmann, F. Henrichsdorff, C. Ribbat, M.-H. Mao, and D. Bimberg, Appl. Phys. B 69, 413 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Maximov, M.V., Ledentsov, N.N., Ustinov, V.M. et al. GaAs-based 1.3 µm InGaAs quantum dot lasers: A status report. J. Electron. Mater. 29, 476–486 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-000-0032-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-000-0032-5

Key words

Navigation